Editing Alan Turing (section)

==Personal life==
===Treasure===
In the 1940s, Turing became worried about losing his savings in the event of a German invasion. In order to protect it, he bought two [[Silver as an investment|silver bars]] weighing {{cvt|3200|oz|kg|-1}} and worth £250 (in 2022, £8,000 adjusted for inflation, £48,000 at spot price) and buried them in a wood near Bletchley Park.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Myrberg Burström |first=Nanouschka |url=https://www.academia.edu/13683478 |title=A tale of buried treasure, some good estimations, and golden unicorns: The numismatic connections of Alan Turing |publisher=Svenska Numismatiska Föreningen |year=2015 |isbn=9789197942720 |location=Stockholm |pages=226–230 |language=en |access-date=26 August 2024 |archive-date=2 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702161450/https://www.academia.edu/13683478 |url-status=live }}</ref> Upon returning to dig them up, Turing found that he was unable to break his own code describing where exactly he had hidden them. This, along with the fact that the area had been renovated, meant that he never regained the silver.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hodges |first=Andrew |title=Alan Turing: the enigma |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2014 |isbn=9780691164724 |location=United States of America |pages=643 |language=en}}</ref>

===Engagement===
In 1941, Turing proposed marriage to Hut 8 colleague [[Joan Clarke]], a fellow mathematician and cryptanalyst, but their engagement was short-lived. After admitting his homosexuality to his fiancée, who was reportedly "unfazed" by the revelation, Turing decided that he could not go through with the marriage.<ref>{{Harvnb|Leavitt|2007|pp=176–178}}</ref>

===Homosexuality and indecency conviction===
[[Image:Dancehouse.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Dancehouse|Dancehouse Theatre]], formerly the Regal Cinema, pictured in 2006, outside of which Turning met Arnold Murray]]
In December 1951, Turing met Arnold Murray, a 19-year-old unemployed man. Turing was walking along Manchester's [[Wilmslow Road|Oxford Road]] when he met Murray just outside the [[Dancehouse|Regal Cinema]] and invited him to lunch. The two agreed to meet again and in January 1952 began an intimate relationship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alan Turing |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/Alan_Turing.htm |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=Spartacus Educational |language=en |archive-date=25 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125054932/https://spartacus-educational.com/Alan_Turing.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>  On 23 January, Turing's house in Wilmslow was burgled. Murray told Turing that he and the burglar were acquainted, and Turing reported the crime to the police. During the investigation, he acknowledged a sexual relationship with Murray. Homosexual acts were criminal offences in the United Kingdom at that time,<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=458}}</ref> and both men were charged with "[[gross indecency]]" under [[Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885#Section 11|Section 11]] of the [[Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885]].<ref name="LeavittP268">{{Harvnb|Leavitt|2007|p=268}}</ref> Initial [[committal procedure|committal proceedings]] for the trial were held on 27 February during which Turing's solicitor "reserved his defence", i.e., did not argue or provide evidence against the allegations. The proceedings were held at the [[Sessions House, Knutsford|Sessions House]] in [[Knutsford]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/nostalgia/historic-courthouse-near-manchester-famous-26261769|title=Historic courthouse near Manchester where famous trial took place unrecognisable after stunning renovation|date=20 February 2023|newspaper=Manchester Evenings News|access-date=5 April 2023|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405175213/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/nostalgia/historic-courthouse-near-manchester-famous-26261769|url-status=live}}</ref>

Turing was later convinced by the advice of his brother and his own solicitor, and he entered a plea of guilty.<ref>{{cite book |title=Alan Turing: The Enigma |publisher=Princeton University Press |author-link=Andrew Hodges |last=Hodges |first=Andrew |page=[https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg/page/463 463] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-691-15564-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg|url-access=registration }}</ref> The case, ''[[Elizabeth II|Regina]] v. Turing and Murray,'' was brought to trial on 31 March 1952.<ref>{{cite book |title=Alan Turing: The Enigma |publisher=Princeton University Press |author-link=Andrew Hodges |last=Hodges |first=Andrew |page=[https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg/page/471 471] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-691-15564-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg|url-access=registration }}</ref> Turing was convicted and given a choice between imprisonment and probation. His probation would be conditional on his agreement to undergo [[hormone|hormonal]] physical changes designed to reduce [[libido]], known as "[[chemical castration]]".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Peralta |first=René |date=23 June 2022 |title=Alan Turing's Everlasting Contributions to Computing, AI and Cryptography |url=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/alan-turings-everlasting-contributions-computing-ai-and-cryptography |journal=NIST |language=en |access-date=26 August 2024 |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823194432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/alan-turings-everlasting-contributions-computing-ai-and-cryptography |url-status=live }}</ref> He accepted the option of injections of what was then called stilboestrol (now known as [[diethylstilbestrol]] or DES), a synthetic [[oestrogen]]; this feminization of his body was continued for the course of one year. The treatment rendered Turing [[impotence|impotent]] and caused [[gynaecomastia|breast tissue to form]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Alan Turing: The Enigma The Centenary Edition | publisher=Princeton University | author= Hodges, Andrew | year=2012}}</ref> In a letter, Turing wrote that "no doubt I shall emerge from it all a different man, but quite who I've not found out".<ref>{{cite web |title=Letters of Note: Yours in distress, Alan |last=Turing |first=Alan |year=1952 |url=http://www.lettersofnote.com/2012/06/yours-in-distress-alan.html |archive-date=20 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120024901/http://www.lettersofnote.com/2012/06/yours-in-distress-alan.html |url-status=dead |access-date=16 December 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Alan Turing: The Enigma |publisher=Princeton University Press |author-link=Andrew Hodges |last=Hodges |first=Andrew |page=xxviii |year= 2012 |isbn=978-0-691-15564-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg|url-access=registration }}</ref> Murray was given a conditional discharge.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=473}}</ref>

Turing's conviction led to the removal of his security clearance and barred him from continuing with his cryptographic consultancy for [[GCHQ]], the British [[signals intelligence]] agency that had evolved from GC&CS in 1946, though he kept his academic post. His trial took place only months after the defection to the Soviet Union of [[Guy Burgess]] and [[Donald Maclean (spy)|Donald Maclean]], in summer 1951, after which the Foreign Office started to consider anyone known to be homosexual as a potential security risk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theconversation.com/revealed-the-panic-that-followed-the-defection-of-the-cambridge-spies-49623|title=The Panic that followed the defection of the Cambridge spies|website=The Conversation|date=23 October 2015|access-date=12 August 2023|archive-date=13 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813085159/https://theconversation.com/revealed-the-panic-that-followed-the-defection-of-the-cambridge-spies-49623|url-status=live}}</ref>

Turing was denied entry into the United States after his conviction in 1952, but was free to visit other European countries.<ref>{{Harvnb|Copeland|2006|p=143}}</ref> In the summer of 1952 he visited Norway which was more tolerant of homosexuals. Among the various men he met there was one named Kjell Carlson. Kjell intended to visit Turing in the UK but the authorities intercepted Kjell's postcard detailing his travel arrangements and were able to intercept and deport him before the two could meet.<ref name="olinick13">{{Cite book |last=Olinick |first=Michael |year=2021 |title=Simply Turing |location=United States |publisher=Simply Charly |chapter=Chapter 13}}</ref> It was also during this time that Turing started consulting a psychiatrist, Dr Franz Greenbaum, with whom he got on well and who subsequently became a family friend.<ref name=olinick13/><ref name=dowd/>