Editing Airbus A380 (section)

===Wings===
[[File:A380 01.jpg|thumb|Planform view showing moderate wing aspect ratio and the undercarriage]]
[[File:IABG Test Setup A380 Dresden bent wing.jpg|thumb|Composite photo of a structural loading test on the left wing box]]

The A380's wings are built for a [[maximum takeoff weight]] (MTOW) over 600&nbsp;tonnes to accommodate larger variants—the A380F freighter would require added internal strengthening.<ref name="norris_wagner_book" /><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/articles.aspx?Index=436|title=Supersize Wings|first=Rob|last=Bray|publisher=Ingenia|date=June 2007|issue=31|access-date=8 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520141547/http://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/articles.aspx?Index=436|archive-date=20 May 2012|url-status=dead|journal= Ingenia Online}}</ref> The optimal wingspan for such an MTOW is about {{convert|90|m|abbr=on}} but airport restrictions of {{convert|80|m|abbr=on}} force the A380 to compensate with a longer [[Chord (aeronautics)|chord]] for an [[Aspect ratio (aerodynamics)|aspect ratio]] of 7.8.<ref name="leeUp" /><!--depends on method--> This suboptimal aspect ratio reduces [[fuel efficiency]]<ref name=leeUp>Hamilton, Scott. "[http://leehamnews.com/2014/02/03/updating-the-a380-the-prospect-of-a-neo-version-and-whats-involved/ Updating the A380: the prospect of a neo version and what's involved]" Leehamnews.com, 3 February 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140408075935/http://leehamnews.com/2014/02/03/updating-the-a380-the-prospect-of-a-neo-version-and-whats-involved/ Archived] on 8 April 2014.</ref> by about 10% and increases [[operating cost]]s several percent,<ref>Peter M. Burns & Marina Novelli. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=2z-qvBYAqoMC Tourism and Mobilities: Local-Global Connections]", p. 192. {{ISBN|978-1-84593-404-0}} <!--search words: a380 optimum wingspan--></ref> considering fuel costs constitute about 50% of the cost of long-haul aeroplane operation.<ref>Updating the A380: the prospect of a neo version and what's involved. Online: {{cite web|url=https://leehamnews.com/2014/02/03/updating-the-a380-the-prospect-of-a-neo-version-and-whats-involved/ |title=Updating the A380: The prospect of a neo version and what's involved |date=3 February 2014 |access-date=23 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828203924/https://leehamnews.com/2014/02/03/updating-the-a380-the-prospect-of-a-neo-version-and-whats-involved/ |archive-date=28 August 2016}}</ref> The common wing design approach sacrifices fuel efficiency on the A380-800 passenger model in particular because its lower MTOW allows for a higher aspect ratio with a shorter chord or thinner wing.

Still, Airbus estimated that the A380's size and advanced technology would provide lower operating costs per passenger than the 747-400. The wings incorporate [[wingtip device|wingtip fences]] that extend above and below the wing surface, similar to those on the [[Airbus A310|A310]] and [[Airbus A320 family|A320]]. These increase fuel efficiency and range by reducing [[Lift-induced drag|induced drag]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=52746&sid=15211541&con_type=3 |title=A380 superjumbo gives thrilling morning air show |first=Damon |last=Pang |work=The Standard |location=Hong Kong |date=4 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629182915/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=52746&sid=15211541&con_type=3 |archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref> The wingtip fences also reduce [[wake turbulence]], which endangers following aircraft.<ref>"A380 Superjumbo", A Documentary broadcast on the Smithsonian Channel in the series ''Planes that changed the world''</ref> The wings of the A380 were designed in Filton and manufactured in Broughton in the United Kingdom. The wings were then transported to the harbour of Mostyn, where they were transported by barge to Toulouse, France, for integration and final assembly with the rest of the aircraft and its components.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lamiroux |first=F |title=Trailer truck trajectory optimization: the transportation of components for the Airbus A380 |publisher=IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine |year=2005 |pages=14–21}}</ref>

Singapore Airlines describes the A380's landing speed of {{convert|130|-|135|kn|km/h|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} as "impressively slow".<ref name=fgPilotRep>"[http://www.flightglobal.com/page/A380-In-Service-Report/Airbus-A380-In-Service-Report-Pilots-perspective/ Pilot's perspective]" ''[[Flightglobal]]'', undated. Retrieved 20 June 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130318054931/http://www.flightglobal.com/page/A380-In-Service-Report/Airbus-A380-In-Service-Report-Pilots-perspective/ Archived] on 18 March 2014.</ref>