Editing Age of Enlightenment (section)

====Scotland====
In the [[Scottish Enlightenment]], the principles of sociability, equality, and utility were disseminated in schools and universities, many of which used sophisticated teaching methods which blended philosophy with daily life.<ref name="Eddy2022" /> Scotland's major cities created an intellectual infrastructure of mutually supporting institutions such as schools, universities, reading societies, libraries, periodicals, museums, and masonic lodges.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Towsey |first1=Mark |title=Reading the Scottish Enlightenment Books and Their Readers in Provincial Scotland, 1750–1820 |date=2010 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-19351-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_uB5DwAAQBAJ}}</ref> The Scottish network was "predominantly liberal [[Calvinism|Calvinist]], Newtonian, and 'design' oriented in character which played a major role in the further development of the transatlantic Enlightenment."<ref name="HermanTwo">A. Herman, ''How the Scots Invented the Modern World'' (Crown Publishing Group, 2001).</ref> In France, Voltaire said "we look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization."<ref>{{cite book |last=Harrison |first=Lawrence E. |title=Jews, Confucians, and Protestants: Cultural Capital and the End of Multiculturalism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rbqn4RfUMioC&pg=PA92 |year=2012 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=92 |isbn=978-1-4422-1964-9}}</ref> The focus of the Scottish Enlightenment ranged from intellectual and economic matters to the specifically scientific as in the work of [[William Cullen]], physician and chemist; [[James Anderson of Hermiston|James Anderson]], [[agronomist]]; [[Joseph Black]], physicist and chemist; and James Hutton, the first modern geologist.<ref name="Denby"/><ref name="Repcheck">J. Repcheck, ''The Man Who Found Time: James Hutton and the Discovery of the Earth's Antiquity'' (Basic Books, 2003), pp. 117–143.</ref>