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=== References === {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=Allan J. |last2=Pereira |first2=Sergio Luiz |last3=Haddrath |first3=Oliver P. |last4=Edge |first4=Kerri-Ann |name-list-style=amp |date=7 January 2006 |title=Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |journal=Proceedings: Biological Sciences |volume=273 |issue=1582 |pages=11–17 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 |pmid=16519228 |pmc=1560011 |jstor=25223244}} * {{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2020 |title=''Pygoscelis adeliae'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T22697758A157660553 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697758A157660553.en |access-date=12 November 2021}} * {{cite journal |last1=Chappell |first1=M. A. |last2=Morgan |first2=K. R. |last3=Butcher |first3=T. L. |title=Weather, Microclimate, and Energy Costs of Thermoregulation for Breeding Adélie Penguins |journal=Oecologia |volume=83 |issue=3 |date=June 1990 |pages=420–426 |doi=10.1007/BF00317570 |jstor= 4219355 |pmid=28313017 |bibcode=1990Oecol..83..420C |s2cid=9542209 |url=https://biology.ucr.edu/people/faculty/Chappellpubs/PDFfiles/OECOLOGIAadelieweather.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://biology.ucr.edu/people/faculty/Chappellpubs/PDFfiles/OECOLOGIAadelieweather.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Cherry-Garrard |first=Apsley |title=The Worst Journey in the World |location=London |publisher=Constable & Co. |year=1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/worstjourneyinwo01cher/page/n7/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater |url-access=registration |lccn=23009252}} * {{cite journal |last=Coues |first=Elliott |title=Material for a Monograph of the Spheniscidæ |journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia |volume=24 |issue=2 |date=May 1872 |pages=170–212 |url=https://archive.org/details/jstor-4624226 |jstor=4624226}} * {{cite web |title=''Pygoscelis adeliae'' |website=Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372696 |access-date=26 April 2022 |ref=Fossilworks}} * {{cite book |last1=De Roy |first1=Tui |last2=Jones |first2=Mark |last3=Cornthwaite |first3=Julie |name-list-style=amp |title=Penguins: The Ultimate Guide |year=2014 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=978-0-691-16299-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/penguinsultimate0000dero |url-access=registration}} * {{cite web |title=Kagu, Sunbittern, tropicbirds, loons, penguins |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/loons/ |work=IOC World Bird List |access-date=27 April 2022 |editor1-first=Frank |editor1-last=Gill |editor2-first=David |editor2-last=Donsker |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-last=Rasmussen |name-list-style=amp |ref=IOC}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hombron |first1=Jacques Bernard |last2=Jacquinot |first2=Honorè |name-list-style=amp |journal=Annales des sciences naturelles |date=1841 |title=Description de plusieurs oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de l'expedition autour du monde faite sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zelee |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=312–320 |language=French |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35730769#page/328/mode/1up}} * {{cite book |first=James A. |last=Jobling |title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names |year=2010 |location=London, UK |publisher=Christopher Helm |url=https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last=Levick |first=G. Murray |title=Antarctic Penguins: A Study of Their Social Habits |year=1914 |location=London |publisher=William Heinemann |url=https://archive.org/details/antarcticpenguin00levi/mode/2up |url-access=registration |lccn=a14001400}} * {{cite book |last=Lowen |first=James |year=2011 |title=Antarctic Wildlife: A Visitor's Guide |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=978-0-691-15033-8}} * {{cite book |last=Reilly |first=Pauline |year=1994 |title=Penguins of the World |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-0-19-553547-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/penguinsofworld00reil |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Richardson |editor1-first=John |editor2-last=Gray |editor2-first=John Edward |name-list-style=amp |year=1875 |title=The zoology of the voyage of the H.M.S. Erebus & Terror |volume=I: Mammals, Birds |location=London |publisher=E. W. Janson |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologyofvoyageo01rich/page/38/mode/1up}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ritchie |first1=Peter A. |last2=Millar |first2=Craig D. |first3=Gillian C. |last3=Gibb |first4=Carlo |last4=Baroni |first5=David M. |last5=Lambert |name-list-style=amp |title=Ancient DNA Enables Timing of the Pleistocene Origin and Holocene Expansion of Two Adélie Penguin Lineages in Antarctica |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=21 |issue=2 |date=February 2004 |pages=240–248 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msh012 |pmid=14595092 |url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/21/2/240/1187856?login=true|doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |last=Shirihai |first=Hadoram |year=2002 |title=A Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife |publisher=Alula Press |location=Degerby, Finland |isbn=951-98947-0-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoa0000shir |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Trathan |first1=Phil N. |last2=Ballard |first2=Grant |chapter=Adélie Penguin |editor1-last=Garcia Borboroglu |editor1-first=Pablo |editor2-last=Boersma |editor2-first=P. Dee |title=Penguins: Natural History and Conservation |year=2015 |publisher=University of Washington Press |location=Seattle, WA |isbn=978-0-295-99284-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aX-0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37}} {{refend}}
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