Editing Abbasid Caliphate (section)

=== Arts ===
{{Main|Abbasid art}}
[[File:Bowl by Khalid, Iraq, Abbasid dynasty, 9th-10th century AD, earthenware painted over glaze with luster - Freer Gallery of Art - DSC04595.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lustreware]] bowl from 9th century Samarra<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bowl |url=https://asia-archive.si.edu/object/F2005.10/ |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art |language=en-US}}</ref>]]
The establishment of Abbasid power based in Iraq, rather than Syria, resulted in a cultural and artistic development influenced not only by the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern traditions but also by connections further afield with India, Central Asia, and China.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{harvnb|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=''Abbasid''|pp=1–3}}</ref> The importation of [[Chinese ceramics]] elicited local imitations but also stirred innovations in local production.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> [[Abbasid ceramics]] became a more important art form with greater emphasis on decoration. A major innovation was the emergence of monochrome and polychrome [[lustreware]], a technical achievement that had an important impact on the wider development of [[Islamic ceramics]].<ref name=":4" /> [[Islamic glass|Glassware]] also became a more important art form and was likely the origin of the lustre technique that was introduced into ceramics.<ref name=":3" /> Few textiles have survived but the production of ''[[tiraz]]'', textiles with royal inscriptions, is well attested.<ref name=":3" /> 
[[File:Folio from a Qur'an (8th-9th century) Sura 39.jpg|thumb|Folio from a Qur'an with [[Kufic]] script and gold [[Illuminated manuscript|illumination]], from 8th or 9th century<ref>{{Cite web |title=Folio from a Qur'an: Sura 38, verses 87-88; sura 39, verse 1 |url=https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F1930.60/ |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=National Museum of Asian Art |language=en-US}}</ref>]]
Another major art form was calligraphy and manuscript production. During the Abbasid period, [[Islamic calligraphy|Arabic calligraphy]] evolved into a more refined discipline.<ref name=":4" /> Rounded [[Kufic]] script was typical<ref name=":3" /> and became increasingly stylized.<ref name=":4" /> [[Parchment]] only allowed for a few lines of script, but from the late 8th century onward [[History of paper|paper]] began to be produced.<ref name=":3" /> Qur'ans are the main type of book to have survived from this period.<ref name=":3" />