Editing 2001 (section)

=== Domestic politics ===
[[File:De la Rúa deja Casa Rosada (21 dic 2001).jpg|thumb|Former Argentine president [[Fernando de la Rúa]] leaving the ''[[Casa Rosada]]'' after resigning on December 21]]
The [[Islamic State of Afghanistan]] was the ''[[de jure]]'' government of Afghanistan in 2001, but for several years it had operated as a [[government in exile]] while the Taliban-led [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] held ''[[de facto]]'' control over most of the country.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ibrahimi |first=S. Yaqub |date=2017-11-02 |title=The Taliban's Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001): 'War-Making and State-Making' as an Insurgency Strategy |journal=Small Wars & Insurgencies |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=947–972 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2017.1374598 |s2cid=148986180 |issn=0959-2318}}</ref>  The Islamic State of Afghanistan was restored to power following the invasion of Afghanistan with the appointment of president Hamid Karzai on December 22.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=43}}

[[Joseph Kabila]] became president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo following [[Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila|the assassination]] of his father, President. [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/time2002annual00edit |title=Time Annual 2002 |publisher=Time Magazine |year=2002|isbn=9781929049622 }}</ref>{{Rp|page=77}} President [[Abdurrahman Wahid]] of Indonesia was removed from office after thousands of protesters stormed the parliament building, and he was replaced by Vice President [[Megawati Sukarnoputri]], daughter of former president [[Sukarno]].<ref name="the Guardian-2001a" /><ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=77}} The [[Second EDSA Revolution]] took place in the Philippines in January when President [[Joseph Estrada]] resigned amid an [[Impeachment of Joseph Estrada|impeachment]], and he was succeeded by Vice President [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]].<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=77}} The [[1998–2002 Argentine great depression|Argentine great depression]] escalated with [[December 2001 riots in Argentina|rioting]] in December, prompting President [[Fernando de la Rúa]] to resign on December 20 and the fall of the interim government soon after.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=16}}<ref name=":9" />

Kosovo and East Timor both held elections for the first time in 2001 as they sought independence.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=18}} Other changes in leadership included the [[First inauguration of George W. Bush|inauguration]] of [[George W. Bush]] as [[President of the United States]], the [[2001 Peruvian general election|election]] of [[Alejandro Toledo]] as [[President of Peru]],<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=16}} the selection of [[Junichiro Koizumi]] as [[Prime Minister of Japan]],<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=19}} and the [[2001 Israeli prime ministerial election|election]] of [[Ariel Sharon]] as [[Prime Minister of Israel]]. Other leaders saw reconfirmation, including the [[2001 Iranian presidential election|reelection]] of [[Mohammad Khatami]] as [[President of Iran]] and the victory of the United Kingdom's [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] led by [[Tony Blair]] in [[2001 United Kingdom general election|the 2001 election]].<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=77}}

In response to the September 11 attacks, the United States passed the controversial [[Patriot Act]] that granted the U.S. government significant surveillance powers.<ref name=":8" /> Ghana underwent its first peaceful transfer of power since 1979 when [[John Kufuor]] was sworn in as [[President of Ghana]] on January 7.<ref name="auto19">{{Cite report |url=https://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/P5Ghana2018.pdf |title=Ghana |date=2018 |publisher=Center for Systemic Peace |access-date=2022-12-02 |archive-date=December 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205172817/https://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/P5Ghana2018.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The Netherlands became the first modern country to legalize [[same-sex marriage]] on April 1.<ref name="William Binchy-20072">{{cite book |author1=Oran Doyle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b4IhAQAAIAAJ |title=Committed Relationships and the Law |author2=William Binchy |publisher=Four Courts Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84682-087-8 |page=89}}</ref> The [[King of Nepal|royal family of Nepal]] was [[Nepalese royal massacre|killed]] on June 1 by Crown Prince [[Dipendra of Nepal|Dipendra]], who became king upon his father's death. Dipendra fell into a coma after shooting himself, and he died days later. He in turn was succeeded by his uncle [[Gyanendra of Nepal|Gyanendra]].<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|pages=72–73}} The [[Constitution of the Comoros]] was [[2001 Comorian constitutional referendum|amended]] on December 24, creating a federal government with a rotating presidency and granting increased autonomy to the three island administrations.<ref name="auto15">{{Cite report |url=https://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/P5Comoros2018.pdf |title=Comoros |date=2018 |publisher=Center for Systemic Peace |access-date=2022-12-02 |archive-date=December 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202041859/https://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/P5Comoros2018.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>