Editing 1982 Lebanon War (section)

==Final accords==
{{Main|Sabra and Shatila massacre}}
On 14 September 1982, [[Bachir Gemayel]], the newly elected President of Lebanon, was assassinated by [[Habib Tanious Shartouni|Habib Shartouni]] of the [[Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon|Syrian Social Nationalist Party]].<ref>[[#refSeale1989|Seale, p.&nbsp;391]]</ref> Israeli forces occupied West Beirut the next day. At that time, the Lebanese Christian Militia, also known as the [[Kataeb Party|Phalangists]], were allied with Israel.<ref name="bbcfb">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1779713.stm "Flashback: Sabra and Shatila massacres"], ''BBC News Online'' (London), 24 January 2002.</ref> The Israeli command authorized the entrance of a force of approximately 150 Phalangist fighters' into Sabra and the Shatila refugee camp. Shatila had previously been one of the PLO's three main training camps for foreign militants and the main training camp for European militants;<ref>{{cite book|last=Becker|first=Jillian|title=PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=1984|isbn=978-1-4918-4435-9|pages=239, 356–357}}</ref> the Israelis maintained that 2,000 to 3,000 terrorists remained in the camps, but were unwilling to risk the lives of more of their soldiers after the Lebanese army repeatedly refused to "clear them out."<ref>{{cite book|last=Becker|first=Jillian|title=PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=1984|isbn=978-1-4918-4435-9|page=264}}</ref>

Between 460<ref name="Lebanon War 282"/><ref name="Becker 265">{{cite book|last=Becker|first=Jillian|title=PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=1984|isbn=978-1-4918-4435-9|page=265}}</ref> and 3,500 civilians, mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites [[Sabra and Shatila massacre|were massacred]] by the Phalangists, who themselves suffered only two casualties. The Lebanese army's chief prosecutor investigated the killings and counted 460 dead, Israeli intelligence estimated 700–800 dead, and the Palestinian Red Crescent claimed 2,000 dead. 1,200 death certificates were issued to anyone who produced three witnesses claiming a family member disappeared during the time of the massacre.<ref name="Lebanon War 282">{{cite book|last1=Schiff|first1=Ze'ev|last2=Ya'ari|first2=Ehud|title=Israel's Lebanon War|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1985|isbn=978-0-671-60216-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/israelslebanonwa00zeev/page/282 282]|url=https://archive.org/details/israelslebanonwa00zeev/page/282}}</ref> Nearly all of the victims were men.<ref name="Lebanon War 282"/><ref name="Becker 265"/>

Israeli troops surrounded the camps with tanks and checkpoints, monitoring entrances and exits.<ref name="bbcfb"/> Israeli investigation by the [[Kahan Commission]] of Inquiry found that [[Ariel Sharon]] bore "personal responsibility" for failing to prevent the massacre, and for failing to act once he learned of the massacre. The Commission recommended that he be removed as Defense Minister and that he never hold a position in any future Israeli government. Sharon initially ignored the call to resign, but after the death of an anti-war protester, resigned as Israel's Defense Minister, remaining in Begin's cabinet as a Minister without portfolio.