Editing Foreign relations of Israel (section)

== South America ==

=== Argentina ===
{{Main|Argentina–Israel relations}}

[[File:Evita y Golda Meir.jpg|thumb|[[Golda Meir]] with [[Eva Perón]]]]
In 1992, three Israeli diplomats were killed in the bombing of the Israeli Embassy which left 29 people dead and 240 wounded. Two years later, another bombing took place at the [[Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina|AMIA]] Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, killing 85 people and wounding 300. The investigation was never completed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Keinon |first=Herb |url=http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=214353 |title=Israel, Argentina face crisis over alleged deal with Tehran |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=30 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402035737/http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=214353 |archive-date=2 April 2011}}</ref> [[Néstor Kirchner]] called this a national disgrace, and reopened the files.

=== Bolivia ===
In January 2009, Bolivia limited its foreign relationship with Israel in the wake of strikes in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] by Israel. Bolivian President [[Evo Morales]] has reportedly promised to take Israel to an international court for alleged war crimes committed in Gaza.<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2009/01/200911415461671162.html Bolivia cuts Israel ties over Gaza] Al Jazeera, 14 January 2009</ref> Bolivia originally granted visa free access to Israeli citizens. However, as a result of Israel's 2014 military operation in Gaza, which it opposed, President Evo Morales declared Israel a "terrorist state" and his government will now require Israeli citizens to obtain a visa to visit Bolivia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/bolivia-require-visas-israeli-travelers-24780895|title=International News |publisher=ABC News|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813002626/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/bolivia-require-visas-israeli-travelers-24780895|archive-date=13 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Morales has called Israel's treatment of Palestinians "a genocide".<ref>{{Cite web| title=Bolivia declares Israel a 'terrorist state'|work=USA Today |access-date=14 November 2018| url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/07/30/bolivia-israel-terrorist-state/13384989/}}</ref>

Following [[2019 Bolivian political crisis|Morales's resignation]] and fleeing to Mexico in November 2019, relations were restored to their previous status.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-bolivia-renews-diplomatic-relations-with-israel-after-over-decade-of-severed-ties-1.8196273|work=[[Haaretz]]|first=Noa|last=Landau|title=Bolivia Renews Diplomatic Relations With Israel After Over Decade of Severed Ties|date=28 November 2019|access-date=November 29, 2019}}</ref>

On 1 November 2023, following the escalation of the [[2023 Israel-Hamas war]], Deputy Foreign Minister of Bolivia [[Freddy Mamani]] announced that Bolivia would be cutting diplomatic ties with Israel. This made Bolivia the first country to cut relations with Israel in response to the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/bolivia-severs-diplomatic-ties-with-israel-citing-crimes-against-humanity-2023-10-31/|title=Bolivia severs diplomatic ties with Israel, citing 'crimes against humanity'|work=Reuters|first=Daniel|last=Ramos|date=2023-11-01|access-date=2023-11-01}}</ref>

=== Brazil ===
{{Main|Brazil–Israel relations}}

[[File:AmorimPeres.jpg|thumb|[[Shimon Peres]] and Foreign Minister of Brazil, [[Celso Amorim]]]]
Brazil played a large role in the [[establishment of the State of Israel]]. Brazil held the Presidency office of the [[UN General Assembly]] in 1947, which proclaimed the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine|Partition Plan for Palestine]]. The Brazilian delegation to the U.N., supported and heavily lobbied for the partition of Palestine toward the creation of the [[State of Israel]]. Brazil was also one of the first countries to recognize the State of Israel, on 7 February 1949, less than one year after [[Israeli Declaration of Independence]].

Nowadays, Brazil and Israel maintain close political, economic and military ties. Brazil is a full member state of [[Israel Allies Caucus]],<ref>[http://www.israelallies.org/international/member_nations/ "Member Nations"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104193528/http://www.israelallies.org/international/member_nations/ |date=4 January 2014 }}. Israel Allies Foundation. Retrieved 1 December 2013.</ref> a political advocacy organization that mobilizes pro-Israel parliamentarians in governments worldwide. The two nations enjoy a degree of arms cooperation as Brazil is a key buyer of Israeli weapons and military technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stopthewall.org/downloads/pdf/STWbrazil2010.pdf|title=Briefing: Brazil's economic and military relationship with Israel|access-date=29 December 2013|archive-date=30 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030162111/http://stopthewall.org/downloads/pdf/STWbrazil2010.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also, Brazil is Israel's largest trading partner in Latin America.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thebrazilbusiness.com/article/commercial-relations-brazil-and-israel|title=Commercial Relations: Brazil and Israel|work=The Brazil Business|date=21 November 2013 |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> Israel has an embassy in [[Brasília]] and a consulate-general in [[São Paulo]] and Brazil has an embassy in [[Tel Aviv]] and an honorary consulate in [[Haifa]].<ref>[http://telaviv.itamaraty.gov.br/en-us/brazil-israel.xml "Brazil-Israel"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012128/http://telaviv.itamaraty.gov.br/en-us/brazil-israel.xml |date=3 December 2013 }}. Brazilian Embassy in Tel Aviv. Retrieved 9 December 2013.</ref> A longstanding dispute between Israel and Brazil is ongoing over Brazil's official rejection of a new Israeli ambassador because of his ties to the West Bank.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/brazilian-official-says-dani-dayan-rejected-as-ambassador/|title=Brazil rejects Dani Dayan as ambassador, official says|website=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref>

Brazil-Israel relations have improved significantly during the presidency of [[Jair Bolsonaro]] since 2019. Brazilian president Bolsonaro has expressed his love for Israel several times.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://providencemag.com/2019/05/improving-relations-brazil-israel-impact-us-foreign-policy/|title=The Improving Relations between Brazil and Israel and Its Impact on US Foreign Policy|date=20 May 2019}}</ref> He has even said to have turned Brazil into Israel's new best friend.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200615-brazilian-president-bolsonaro-turns-to-israel-in-the-face-of-his-political-opponents/|title=Bolsonaro has turned Brazil into Israel's new best friend|work=Middle East Monitor|first=Eman|last=Abusidu|date=15 June 2020|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref>
In December 2019, Brazil opened a trade office in Jerusalem. Brazil also considered to move its embassy to Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/brazil-opens-trade-office-in-jerusalem-hailed-as-harbinger-of-embassy-move/|title=Brazil opens trade office in Jerusalem, hailed as harbinger of embassy move|website=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref>

Brazil has the ninth largest [[Jewish population by country|Jewish community in the world]], about 107,329 by 2010, according to the [[IBGE]] census.<ref>[ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Censos/Censo_Demografico_2010/Caracteristicas_Gerais_Religiao_Deficiencia/tab1_4.pdf 2010 Brazilian census] Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Retrieved 13 November 2013.</ref> The Jewish Confederation of Brazil (CONIB) estimates to more than 120,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2009/127381.htm|title=Brazil|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>

=== Chile ===
{{Main|Chile–Israel relations}}

Chile recognized Israel's independence in February 1949. Israel sent its first ambassador to Chile in May 1950, and Chile sent its first ambassador to Israel in June 1952. Prime Minister [[Golda Meir]] visited Chile during her term in office. In March 2005, the Chilean minister of foreign affairs Ignacio Walker made an official visit to Israel. Chile is home to the [[Palestinians in Chile|largest Palestinian community outside the Middle East]], approximately 500,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508 |title=Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome |publisher=Adnkronos.com |date=7 April 2003 |access-date=1 June 2010 |archive-date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124194143/http://www1.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514 |title=500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile |publisher=Laventana.casa.cult.cu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722073846/http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514 |archive-date=22 July 2009}}</ref>

=== Colombia ===
{{Main|Colombia–Israel relations}}

[[File:Iván Duque state visit to Israel, November 2021 (KBG GPO609).jpg|thumb|President [[Iván Duque]] with President [[Isaac Herzog]]]]
Colombia and Israel established formal relations in the mid-1950s. In recent years, Colombia has purchased planes, drones, weapons and intelligence systems from Israel. An Israeli company, Global CST won a $10 million contract in Colombia.<ref>{{cite web |last=Melman |first=Yossi |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/998838.html |title=Colombia hostage rescue: the Israeli angle |work=Haaretz |date=4 July 2008 |access-date=7 July 2008 |archive-date=27 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327235415/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/998838.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> On May 1, 2024, Colombian president Petro announced Colombia would break diplomatic ties with Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cobb |first=Julia Symmes |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Colombia President Petro says will break diplomatic relations with Israel |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/colombia-president-petro-says-will-break-diplomatic-relations-with-israel-2024-05-01/ |website=Reuters}}</ref>

=== Guyana ===
Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101008/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2016}}</ref>

=== Paraguay ===
In September 2018, Paraguay announced that it was moving its embassy in Israel out of Jerusalem and back to Tel Aviv, just months after a previous Paraguayan administration had opened the new mission. The US, Guatemala and Paraguay, all moved their embassies to Jerusalem in May 2018. Paraguay said it had officially recognized the military wings of Palestinian group [[Hamas]] and Lebanon's [[Hezbollah]] as terrorist organizations, drawing praise from Israel. President [[Mario Abdo Benítez|Mario Abdo Benitez]] made the declaration in an official document in August 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=[[Associated Press]] and Times of Israel staff|title=Israel appoints ambassador to Paraguay after embassy dispute|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-appoints-ambassador-to-paraguay-after-embassy-dispute/|access-date=2021-11-20|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Peru ===
{{Main|Israel–Peru relations}}

Israel and Peru established diplomatic relations in 1957. In 1998 the two countries began talks on a free-trade agreement.<ref name="trade">{{cite news |title=Israel, Peru Agree to Begin Talks on Starting Free Trade |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB896138169345456000?mod=googlewsj |work=[[Dow Jones Newswires]] in [[Wall Street Journal]] |date=26 May 1998 |access-date=24 June 2009}}</ref> Israel sent rescue teams and medical aid to Peru after earthquakes in 1970, 2005 and 2007.<ref name="Israeli mission to aid Peru">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3439964,00.html |title=Israeli mission to aid Peru |work=Ynetnews |date=20 June 1995|last1=Mandel |first1=Roi }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/HumanitarianAid/Worldwide/Israeli+Humanitarian+Relief-+MASHAV+-+the+Israel+F.htm |title=Israeli Humanitarian Relief Operations |publisher=Mfa.gov.il}}</ref> In 2001, [[Eliane Karp]], a former Israeli, became the First Lady of Peru.<ref>{{cite news |title=Don't cry for me, Peru |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3318035,00.html |quote=It's been only five years since Eliane Karp-Toledo, a former Israeli, became First Lady of Peru, but in that time period her life has changed completely. |work=[[Ynet]] |year=2006 |access-date=24 June 2009}}</ref>

===Suriname===
[[Suriname]] and Israel established diplomatic relations on 24 February 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten|url=http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416134520/http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2019|access-date=25 July 2023|website=gov.sr|language=nl}}</ref> In February 2011, non-resident Israeli ambassador to Suriname, Amiram Magid, criticized the government of Suriname for recognizing the State of Palestine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-expresses-disappointment-with-suriname/|title=Israel Expresses 'disappointment' With Suriname|last=|first=|date=9 February 2011|website=|publisher=[[CBS News]] |access-date=25 July 2023|quote=}}</ref> On 30 May 2022, in a meeting with Israeli Foreign Minister [[Yair Lapid]], Surinamese Foreign Minister [[Albert Ramdin]] announced plans to open a Surinamese embassy in Jerusalem in the near future.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/06/liberia-suriname-pledge-open-offices-jerusalem|title= Liberia, Suriname pledge to open offices in Jerusalem
|last=|first=|date=9 June 2022|website=|publisher=[[Al-Monitor]] |access-date=25 July 2023|quote=}}</ref> On 23 June, Surinamese President [[Chan Santokhi]] announced the cancellation of the Jerusalem embassy plans, citing a lack of funds.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/suriname-backtracks-jerusalem-embassy-citing-budget-2022-06-24/|title= Suriname backtracks on Jerusalem embassy citing budget|last=|first=|date=23 June 2022|website=|publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=25 July 2023|quote=}}</ref>

=== Uruguay ===
{{Main|Israel–Uruguay relations}}

Israel has an embassy in [[Montevideo]]. Uruguay has an embassy in [[Tel Aviv]] and 2 honorary consulates in [[Ashdod]] and [[Haifa]]. Uruguay was one of the first nations to recognise Israel as independent.

=== Venezuela ===
{{Main|Israel–Venezuela relations}}

Relations were once strong, but the bilateral ties soured under the [[List of Presidents of Venezuela|Presidency]] of [[Hugo Chávez]] in Venezuela.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5258722.stm |title=Venezuela 'to sever Israel ties' |work=BBC News |date=9 August 2006}}</ref> The Jewish population in Venezuela, which peaked at 45,000,<ref name="Hurricane">[[Thor Halvorssen Mendoza|Halvorssen, Thor.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20050805020012/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/903jhsjt.asp Hurricane Hugo.] ''[[The Weekly Standard]]'', 8 August 2005, Volume 010, Issue 44. Also available at [https://web.archive.org/web/20080411141356/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0RMQ/is_44_10/ai_n14895831/print LookSmart.]</ref> is now below 15,000 "as a result of severe instability in the country", according to the Israeli [[Stephen Roth Institute]].<ref name="SRI">[[Stephen Roth Institute]]. [http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2004/venezuela.htm Annual Report 2004: Venezuela.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023195546/http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2004/venezuela.htm |date=23 October 2006 |access-date=11 August 2006}}</ref> ''[[The Miami Herald]]'', ''Jewish Times'', and Jewish organizations have reported large-scale emigration of Jewish people from Venezuela during the Chávez administration.<ref>Berrios, Jerry. [http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/local/states/florida/counties/broward_county/15237356.htm S. Fla. Venezuelans: Chavez incites anti-Semitism.] {{dead link|date=March 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ''The Miami Herald'' (10 August 2006).</ref><ref>Jewish Federation of Palm Beach County. [https://archive.today/20071022003212/http://www.jewishpalmbeach.org/content_display.html?ArticleID=105983 JCRC expresses concern with Venezuelan unrest.] Retrieved 11 August 2006.</ref> As a result of the [[2006 Israel–Gaza conflict|June/July 2006 battles]] in the [[Gaza Strip]], Venezuela withdrew its ambassador to Israel. Following the Israeli attack on Gaza in December 2008 and January 2009, Venezuela cut its diplomatic ties with Israel. Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez called the attack "genocidal", and urged that Israeli Prime Minister [[Ehud Olmert]] be tried for war crimes.