Editing Yerevan (section)

===Russian rule===
{{See also|Armenian Oblast|Erivan Governorate}}
[[File:Capture of Erivan Fortress by Russia, 1827 (by Franz Roubaud).jpg|thumb|left|[[Franz Roubaud]]'s 1893 painting of the [[Erivan Fortress]] [[Capture of Erivan|siege of 1827]] by the Russian forces under leadership of [[Ivan Paskevich]] during the [[Russo-Persian War (1826–28)]]]]
[[File:Ձորագյուղ, Երևան.jpg|thumb|Dzoragyugh neighbourhood of old Yerevan in the 19th century]]
During the second [[Russo-Persian Wars|Russo-Persian War]] of the 19th century, the [[Russo-Persian War (1826–28)|Russo-Persian War of 1826–28]], Yerevan [[Capture of Erivan|was captured]] by Russian troops under general [[Ivan Paskevich]] on 1 October 1827.<ref name="SAE"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Ferro|first=Mark|title=The Use and Abuse of History: How the Past Is Taught to Children|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|location=London|page=233|isbn=0-415-28592-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kirakossian|first=Arman J.|title=British Diplomacy and the Armenian Question: From the 1830s to 1914|publisher=[[Gomidas Institute]]|year=2003|location=New York|page=142|isbn=1-884630-07-3}}</ref> It was formally ceded by the Iranians in 1828, following the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]].<ref>Timothy C. Dowling [https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&pg=PA728 ''Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626144341/https://books.google.nl/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA728&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=QnOXVJXpCcz7UPevhPAK&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=russo%20persian%20war%201804-1813&f=false |date=26 June 2015 }} p 729 ABC-CLIO, 2 December 2014 {{ISBN|1598849484}}</ref> After 3 centuries of Iranian occupation, Yereven along with the rest of [[Eastern Armenia]] designated as the "[[Armenian Oblast]]", became part of the [[Russian Empire]], a [[Russian Armenia|period]] that would last until the collapse of the Empire in 1917.

Although not mentioned specifically by name, article XV of the Turkmenchay treaty was intended solely for the repatriation of those Armenians whose ancestors had been forcibly relocated to Iran in the early 17th century during the Safavid period. The Russians sponsored the resettlement process of the Armenian population from Persia and Turkey and spread announcements in Armenian villages.{{sfn|Bournoutian|1980|p=20}} Due to the resettlement, the percentage of the Armenian population of Yerevan increased from 28% to 53.8%. The resettlement was intended to create [[Russia]]n power bridgehead in the Middle East.<ref>The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis. Heiko Krger, Heiko Krüger. Springer, 2010. {{ISBN|3-642-11787-2}}, {{ISBN|978-3-642-11787-9}}.</ref> In 1829, Armenian repatriates from Persia were resettled in the city and a new quarter was built.

Yerevan served as the seat of the newly formed [[Armenian Oblast]] between 1828 and 1840. By the time of [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]]'s visit in 1837, Yerevan had become an ''[[Erivan Uyezd|uezd]]'' ("county"). In 1840, the Armenian Oblast was dissolved and its territory incorporated into a new larger province; the [[Georgia-Imeretia Governorate]]. In 1850 the territory of the former oblast was reorganized into the [[Erivan Governorate]], covering an area of {{convert|28,000|km²|abbr=off}}. Yerevan was the centre of the newly established governorate.
[[File:Surb grigor lusavorich.png|thumb|left|[[Saint Gregory the Illuminator Church, Yerevan|Saint Gregory Church]], opened in 1900 (later destroyed in 1939)]]
[[File:Erivan Main Square 1916.jpg|thumb|The [[Republic Square, Yerevan|Main Square]] of Yerevan, 1916]]
At that period, Yerevan was a small town with narrow roads and alleys, including the central quarter of ''Shahar'', the ''Ghantar'' commercial centre, and the residential neighbourhoods of Kond, Dzoragyugh, Nork and Shentagh. During the 1840s and the 1850s, many schools were opened in the city. However, the first major plan of Yerevan was adopted in 1856, during which, Saint Hripsime and Saint Gayane women's colleges were founded and the [[English Park, Yerevan|English Park]] was opened. In 1863, the [[Abovyan Street|Astafyan Street]] was redeveloped and opened. In 1874, Zacharia Gevorkian opened Yerevan's first printing house, while the first theatre opened its doors in 1879.

On 1 October 1879, Yerevan was granted the status of a city through a decree issued by [[Alexander II of Russia]]. In 1881, The Yerevan Teachers' Seminary and the Yerevan Brewery were opened, followed by the Tairyan's wine and brandy factory in 1887. Other factories for alcoholic beverages and mineral water were opened during the 1890s. The monumental church of [[Saint Gregory the Illuminator Church, Yerevan|Saint Gregory the Illuminator]] was opened in 1900. Electricity and telephone lines were introduced to the city in 1907 and 1913 respectively. When British traveller [[H. F. B. Lynch]] visited Yerevan in 1893–1894, he considered it an [[Orient]]al city.<ref name="Bournoutian2018Yerevan">{{cite book |last1=Bournoutian |first1=George |author1-link=George Bournoutian |title=Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900-1914 |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |page=15}}</ref> However, this started to change in the first decade of the 20th century, in the penultimate decade of Imperial Russian rule, when the city grew and altered dramatically.<ref name="Bournoutian2018Yerevan"/> In general, Yerevan rapidly grew under Russian rule, both economically and politically. Old buildings were torn down and new buildings of European style were erected.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Yerevan city's population was over 29,000.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://gatchina3000.ru/big/119/119478_brockhaus-efron.htm ''Erivan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915195008/http://gatchina3000.ru/big/119/119478_brockhaus-efron.htm |date=15 September 2018 }} in the [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]], St. Petersburg, Russia, 1890–1907.</ref> In 1902, a railway line linked Yerevan with [[Alexandropol]], [[Tiflis]] and [[Julfa, Azerbaijan (town)|Julfa]]. In the same year, Yerevan's first public library was opened. In 1905, the grandnephew of [[Napoleon I]]; prince Louis Joseph Jérôme Napoléon (1864–1932) was appointed as governor of Yerevan province.<ref>{{cite book|last = Walker|first = Christopher|title = Armenia: A Survival of a Nation, Chapter 3|publisher = Librairie Au Service de la Culture|year = 1980|page = [https://archive.org/details/armeniasurvivalo0000walk_c0v5/page/75 75]|isbn = 978-0-312-04944-7|url = https://archive.org/details/armeniasurvivalo0000walk_c0v5/page/75|df = dmy-all}}</ref> In 1913, for the first time in the city, a telephone line with eighty subscribers became operational.

Yerevan served as the centre of the governorate until 1917, when Erivan governorate was dissolved with the collapse of the Russian Empire.