Editing World Trade Center site (section)

===Towers===
[[One World Trade Center]] (previously coined the "Freedom Tower" by Governor Pataki) is the centerpiece of Libeskind's design. The building rises to {{convert|1368|ft|m}}, the height of the original World Trade Center's North Tower, and its antenna rises to the symbolic height of 1,776 feet (541 m). This height refers to 1776, the year in which the [[United States Declaration of Independence]] was signed. The tower was a collaboration between Studio Daniel Libeskind and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill architect [[David Childs]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/about/freedom-tower |title=Freedom Tower: About the Building |access-date=January 21, 2008 |publisher=Silverstein Properties}}</ref> Childs acted as the design architect and project manager for the tower, and Daniel Libeskind collaborated on the concept and schematic design.<ref>{{cite news |title=Libeskind and Silverstein reach an agreement for WTC site |first=Kevin |last=Lerner |magazine=[[Archit. Rec.|Architectural Record]] |date=August 2003}}</ref> The design was finalized in 2004, but was revised extensively after the [[New York City Police Department|NYPD]] raised security concerns, which delayed the start of the construction by two years.<ref name="Esquire Magazine">{{cite news |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/world-trade-center-rebuilding-0912 |title=The Truth About the World Trade Center |publisher=Esquire Magazine |year=2013}}</ref>  In 2006, the Port Authority took over from Silverstein Properties. The project's developer [[Tishman Realty & Construction|Tishman Construction Corporation]] was the construction manager at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/about/freedom-tower |title=Freedom Tower |year=2008 |publisher=Silverstein Properties}}</ref> Construction began in April 2006. Digging the foundation and installing tower-foundation steel columns, concrete, and rebar took twice as long as it normally would due to the existence of the [[IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line|subway line under West Broadway]] nearby.<ref name="Is the World Trade Center Safe">{{cite news |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/world-trade-center-safe-0913-2 |title=Is the World Trade Center Safe? |publisher=Esquire Magazine |year=2014|access-date=March 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926011600/http://www.esquire.com/features/world-trade-center-safe-0913-2|archive-date=September 26, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The building reached grade level by 2010, progressed at a pace of one floor a week, topped out in August 2012, and was structurally completed in May 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/special_reports/911_a_decade_later/146319/9-11-a-decade-later--one-world-trade-center-rises-in-lower-manhattan |title=9/11 A Decade Later: One World Trade Center Rises In Lower Manhattan |last=Cuza |first=Bobby |date=September 2, 2011 |work=[[NY1]]|access-date=September 4, 2011}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The building opened on November 3, 2014, and the first 170 employees of anchor tenant Conde Nast began their work there.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/developments/2014/10/23/one-world-trade-to-open-nov-3-but-ceremony-is-tbd/ |title=One World Trade to Open Nov. 3, But Ceremony is TBD |last=Brown |first=Eliot |newspaper=Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref name="yahoo">{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/world-trade-center-reopens-business-071956091.html |title=World Trade Center Reopens for Business|access-date=November 3, 2014 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

Danish architect [[Bjarke Ingels]] designed [[Two World Trade Center]], also known as 200 Greenwich Street. The building's gardens integrate [[Tribeca]] with the Financial District at the World Trade Center.<ref name="curbed-wtc2">{{cite web |url=http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2014/09/11/the_status_of_the_world_trade_center_complex_13_years_later.php |title=The Status of the World Trade Center Complex, 13 Years Later |date=September 11, 2014 |publisher=Curbed|access-date=December 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name="pany-wtc2">{{cite web |url=http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/press_releasesItem.cfm?headLine_id=1269 |title=Joint Statement on World Trade Center Development |date=March 25, 2010 |publisher=[[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]] |access-date=March 25, 2010 |archive-date=March 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328055701/http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/press_releasesItem.cfm?headLine_id=1269 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As part of a 2010 lease deal to finance 4 WTC, there were plans to build 2 and 3 World Trade Center to ground level.<ref>[http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/124416/port-authority-approves-wtc-construction-plan Port Authority Approves WTC Construction Plan] (August 26, 2010). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512191055/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/124416/port-authority-approves-wtc-construction-plan|date=May 12, 2013}} NY1 local news channel.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/134620/city-shells-out--32-9m-to-lease-space-at-world-trade-center |title=City Shells Out $32.9M To Lease Space At World Trade Center |date=February 25, 2011 |work=[[NY1]]|access-date=February 26, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714220922/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/134620/city-shells-out--32-9m-to-lease-space-at-world-trade-center|archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref> Construction of everything up to street level was completed in mid-2013.<ref name="curbed-wtc2" /><ref name="pany-wtc2" /> The rest of the building, however, has yet to be built until tenants for Tower 2 can be found.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/world-trade-center-completion-25391719 |title=World Trade Center Complex on Way to Completion |date=September 11, 2014|access-date=December 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912084533/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/world-trade-center-completion-25391719|archive-date=September 12, 2014 |publisher=ABC News |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/port-authority-delays-1-world-trade-center-opening-article-1.1930770 |title=Port Authority delays 1 World Trade Center opening as project takes more time, money than expected |last=Smith |first=Greg |date=September 6, 2014 |newspaper=New York Daily News}}</ref>

[[Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners|Richard Rogers Partnership]] designed [[Three World Trade Center]], or 175 Greenwich Street, which stands across Greenwich Street from the Memorial's two reflecting pools.<ref name="wtc3-1">{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/media/images/s/construction-3-world-trade-center?sid=1 |title=3 World Trade Center |work=wtc.com}}</ref><ref name="commercial observer">{{cite web |url=http://commercialobserver.com/2012/10/240569/ |title=GroupM Considers Huge Lease to Anchor 3 WTC |last=Geiger |first=Daniel |date=October 3, 2012 |publisher=Commercial Observer|access-date=November 3, 2013}}</ref> Groundbreaking occurred in fall 2008, and in May 2009, the Port Authority proposed reducing the tower to four stories.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/port-authority-dump-proposed-skyscrapers-wtc-site-article-1.377512 |title=Port Authority wants to dump three of five proposed skyscrapers for WTC site |date=May 10, 2009 |newspaper=NY Daily News |access-date=April 24, 2014 |archive-date=April 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424192334/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/port-authority-dump-proposed-skyscrapers-wtc-site-article-1.377512 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2012, with Silverstein still unable to find tenants, construction on the above-ground levels was delayed indefinitely, with plans for only 7 stories.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20120122/REAL_ESTATE/301229973 |title=Silverstein to call a halt at 3 WTC |last=Agovino |first=Theresa |date=January 22, 2012 |work=Crain's New York Business|access-date=October 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404083903/http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20120122/REAL_ESTATE/301229973|archive-date=April 4, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, work progressed on below-grade foundations and the ground-level podium, which was completed by October 2013.<ref name="wtc3-1" /><ref name="commercial observer" /> Anchor tenant Group M was finally signed in late 2013,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/9-11-anniversary-new-wtc-finally-shaping-article-1.1451531 |title=9/11 anniversary: After 12 years, new WTC taking shape after terror attack |last=Rich |first=Schapiro |date=September 10, 2013 |newspaper=New York Daily News|access-date=November 14, 2013}}</ref> but finance negotiations between Silverstein Properties and the Port Authority dragged, until an agreement was reached in June 2014. Construction resumed in August 2014,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2014/08/04/hudson-market-project-finds-a-home-in-chelsea/ |title=Hudson Market project finds a home in Chelsea |date=August 4, 2014 |newspaper=New York Post}}</ref> and the building opened on June 11, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2018/06/inside-3-world-trade-center-opens/ |title=3 World Trade Center Opens Today: Here's a Look Inside |date=June 11, 2018 |work=Commercial Observer|access-date=June 11, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Fumihiko Maki|Maki and Associates]] designed [[Four World Trade Center]], also known as 150 Greenwich Street.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renewnyc.com/ThePlan/world_trade_center_towers.asp |title=World Trade Center Towers |publisher=Lower Manhattan Development Corporation}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/123905/ny1-exclusive--developer-says-wtc-project-to-be-complete-in-five--six-years NY1 Exclusive: Developer Says WTC Project To Be Complete In Five, Six Years] [[NY1]]. Retrieved August 17, 2010. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819201403/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/123905/ny1-exclusive--developer-says-wtc-project-to-be-complete-in-five--six-years|date=August 19, 2010}}</ref> Construction started in 2008, and the steel skeleton was mostly complete by 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-worldtradecenter/steel-skeleton-completed-at-4-world-trade-center-idUSBRE85O15U20120625 |title=Steel skeleton completed at 4 World Trade Center |date=June 25, 2012 |work=Reuters|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> The building opened in November 2013, making it the second tower on the site to open behind 7 World Trade Center, as well as the first building on the Port Authority property.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20131113/financial-district/4-wtc-becomes-first-tower-at-trade-center-site-open |title=4 WTC Becomes First Tower at Trade Center Site to Open |last=Plagianos |first=Irene |date=November 13, 2013 |website=DNAinfo New York|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027131336/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20131113/financial-district/4-wtc-becomes-first-tower-at-trade-center-site-open|archive-date=October 27, 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> The first tenants to move in were two government agencies,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-12/world-trade-center-tower-debuts-in-manhattan-leasing-test |title=NYC's World Trade Tower Opens 40% Empty in Revival |date=November 12, 2013 |website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref> and {{as of|July 2015|lc=y}}, the building is 62% leased.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-424252525.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220160704/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-424252525.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 20, 2016 |title=Silverstein Signs Four More Tenants at 4WTC |work=Real Estate Weekly|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref>

[[Five World Trade Center]] was designed by [[Kohn Pedersen Fox]] and will stand where the [[Deutsche Bank Building]] once stood. On June 22, 2007, the Port Authority announced that [[JP Morgan Chase]] will lease the 42-story building for its investment banking headquarters;<ref>{{cite news |title=JP Morgan releases WTC tower plans |first=Marlene |last=Naanes |url=http://www.amny.com/news/local/am-wtc0622,0,6464804.story?coll=am-local-headlines |newspaper=[[AM New York]] |date=June 22, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211043752/http://www.amny.com/news/local/am-wtc0622%2C0%2C6464804.story?coll=am-local-headlines |archive-date=December 11, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kohn Responds to WTC5 Criticisms |first=Alec |last=Appelbaum |url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/daily/archives/070730wtc.asp |magazine=[[Archit. Rec.|Architectural Record]] |date=July 30, 2007 |access-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref> however, JPMorgan's March 2008 acquisition of [[Bear Stearns]] had caused construction to stagnate, as the company changed its plans and relocated its headquarters to 383 Madison Avenue.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=David |title=JPMorgan might flip WTC site |website=The Real Deal New York |date=March 20, 2008 |url=http://therealdeal.com/blog/2008/03/20/jpmorgan-might-flip-wtc-site/ | access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref> Construction began on September 9, 2011.<ref name="Minchom 2013">{{cite web |url=http://jewishbusinessnews.com/2013/11/12/new-world-trade-center-coming-to-life-already-impacts-new-york-skyline/ |title=New World Trade Center Coming To Life Already Impacts New York Skyline |last=Minchom |first=Clive |date=November 12, 2013 |website=Jewish Business News|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref> Although the foundation was completed, construction on the main structure never commenced.<ref name="Minchom 2013" />

[[7 World Trade Center]] stands off of Port Authority property. David Childs of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed the tower.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/7_world_trade_center_50451.aspx |title=7 World Trade Center Opens with Musical Fanfare |publisher=Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) |date=May 22, 2006 |access-date=July 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809115805/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/7_world_trade_center_50451.aspx |archive-date=August 9, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Construction of the new {{nowrap|7 World}} Trade Center began in 2002 and the building opened on May 23, 2006, achieving [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] gold status and being the first tower in the complex to reopen.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/about/office-tower-7 |title=Tower 7 |year=2008 |publisher=Silverstein Properties}}</ref> The building is {{nowrap|52 stories}} tall (plus one underground floor), making it the 28th-tallest in New York.<ref name="SkyscraperCenter" /><ref>[http://www.silversteinproperties.com/properties/7-world-trade-center About 7 WTC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109211755/http://www.silversteinproperties.com/properties/7-world-trade-center|date=November 9, 2013}}</ref>