Editing Weimar (section)

== Culture, sights and cityscape ==
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = Classical Weimar
| Image = Park an der Ilm, Römisches Haus, Weimar.JPG
| caption = Park an der Ilm
| Criteria = Cultural: iii, vi
| ID = 846
| Year = 1998
}}

===World Heritage Sites===
Two [[World Heritage Sites]] converge in Weimar: 
*The [[Classical Weimar (World Heritage Site)|Classical Weimar]] World Heritage Site consists of 11 sites related to Weimar as a European centre of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.<ref name = "unesco1"/>
*The [[Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau]] World Heritage Site comprises six separate sites, two in Weimar, which are associated with the Bauhaus art school, which had a revolutionary influence on 20th century architectural and aesthetic thinking and practice.<ref name = "unesco2"/>

=== Museums ===
Weimar has a great variety of museums:
*The ''[[Goethe-Nationalmuseum]]'' at Frauenplan shows the life of [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] in his former residence.
*Goethe's garden house in the ''[[Park an der Ilm]]'' shows an exhibition about Goethe and his connection to nature.
*The ''Schiller-Museum'' at Schillerstraße shows the life of [[Friedrich Schiller]] in his former residence. 
*The ''Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv'' at Hans-Wahl-Straße collects the estate of Goethe, Schiller and other various artists. In 2001, it became a member of the UNESCO [[Memory of the World Programme]].
*The ''Wittumspalais'' at Theaterplatz shows early-modern court lifestyle with items like furniture and porcelain.
*The ''Liszt-Haus'' at Marienstraße shows the life of [[Franz Liszt]] in his former summer residence.
*The ''[[Nietzsche-Archiv]]'' at Humboldtstraße shows the life and estate of [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]. 
*The ''Gedenkstätte Buchenwald'' in former [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] commemorates the victims of Nazi terror. 
*The ''[[Bauhaus Museum, Weimar|Bauhaus-Museum]]'' at Theaterplatz shows an exhibition about the [[Bauhaus]] design school. 
*The ''Schlossmuseum'' inside the residence castle exhibits early-modern antiques and other objects of court life. 
*The ''[[Duchess Anna Amalia Library]]'' at Platz der Demokratie is an important early-modern library with various print objects. 
*The ''Neues Museum'' at Weimarplatz shows an exhibition of contemporary art. 
*The ''[[Weimar City Museum|Stadtmuseum]]'' at Karl-Liebknecht-Straße exhibits the municipal history of Weimar. 
*The ''Kunsthalle Harry Graf Kessler'' at Goetheplatz hosts rotating exhibitions of contemporary artists. 
*The ''[[Haus am Horn]]'' at Am Horn street was the first building designed entirely on the design principles of the Bauhaus art school. 
*The ''[[Weimarer Fürstengruft|Fürstengruft]]'' at the historic cemetery is a mausoleum of famous Weimar citizens like Goethe and Schiller as well as the dukes of Saxe-Weimar.
*The ''Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Thüringens'' (museum of pre- and protohistory of Thuringia) at Humboldtstraße exhibits various objects of early Thuringian history such as archaeological finds. 
*The ''Deutsches Bienenmuseum'' (German bee museum) at Ilmstraße in Oberweimar district hosts the only pure exhibition about bees and apiculture in Germany.
<gallery>
File:030430-goethehaus.jpg|Goethe-Nationalmuseum
File:Schiller Weimar.jpg|Schiller-Museum
File:Goethe-Schiller-Archiv Weimar.JPG|Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv
File:Bauhaus Museum Weimar 01.JPG|Bauhaus-Museum
File:Neues Museum Weimar2.JPG|Neues Museum
File:Stadtmuseum Weimar im Bertuchhaus.jpg|Stadtmuseum
File:Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Thüringens (Westansicht).jpg|Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Thüringens
</gallery>

=== Cityscape ===
The historic city centre of Weimar is situated between the Ilm river in the east, Grabenstraße in the north, Goetheplatz and Theaterplatz in the west and Schillerstraße in the south. Its two central squares are the Marktplatz in the south (with the town hall) and the Herderplatz in the north (with the main church). Despite its medieval origin, there are only a few medieval buildings, many being destroyed by frequent fires throughout the city's history. Most buildings in this area date back to the 17th and 18th century. Furthermore, Weimar has two old suburbs: in the north, the ''Jakobsvorstadt'' around St. James' Church (medieval origin) and another one in the south around Frauenplan square. The majority of buildings in these areas are also of 17th- and 18th-century origin. During the late 19th and early 20th century, Weimar grew in all directions. Because of its function as an "officials' city", the houses in these areas are more substantial than in many comparable [[Gründerzeit]] quarters in Germany. The most uptown areas are those right and left of the ''[[Park an der Ilm]]'' in the southeast, whereas the western and northern quarters are more basic and mixed with industrial areas in their outer parts. During the GDR period, two new [[Plattenbau]] settlements were developed in the west and the north of the city. After 1990, suburbanization occurred for a short time and the rural districts of Weimar saw significant growth as part of the larger city.

=== Sights and architectural heritage ===
==== Religious buildings ====
The city's main church is the Evangelical [[St. Peter und Paul, Weimar|St. Peter and Paul]] on the Herderplatz (known as Die Herderkirche). It was rebuilt in late Gothic style after a fire around 1500. Between 1726 and 1735, the interior underwent a Baroque remodelling by Johann Adolf Richter. [[Johann Gottfried Herder]] was the dean of the church between 1766 and 1803. The second old Evangelical church of Weimar is St. James on Rollplatz, rebuilt in 1712 in Baroque style. The Roman Catholic parish church of Weimar is dedicated to the Sacred Heart and was built between 1888 and 1891 in historicist forms imitating [[Florence Cathedral]]. Another church is the Russian Orthodox Chapel within the historic cemetery. It was built in 1862 as the funerary chapel of [[Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)|Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna]] and was one of the first Russian-styled buildings in Germany.

Interesting churches in the suburban districts are the Lutheran parish church of [[Gelmeroda]], which was the inspiration for many paintings by [[Lyonel Feininger]], and the Lutheran parish church of [[Oberweimar]], which was a former monastery, and is a good example of Gothic architecture in Weimar.
<gallery>
File:Weimar Stadtkirche Peter Pa.jpg|St. Peter and Paul's Church
File:Die Jakobskirche in Weimar.jpg|St. James' Church
File:Herz-Jesu-Kirche Weimar2.JPG|Sacred Heart Church 
File:Russ orthodoxe kirche we2.JPG|Russian-Orthodox Chapel
File:GelmerodaKirche1.JPG|Gelmeroda Parish Church
File:Kirche Oberweimar.jpg|Oberweimar Parish Church
</gallery>

==== Castles and palaces ====
Due to its function as a ducal residence, Weimar is rich in early-modern castles and palaces. The biggest one is the ''[[Schloss Weimar|Stadtschloss]]'' at Burgplatz in the city centre. Today's four-wing building was started after a great fire in 1774. The tower and the Bastille building at its south-western edge are relics of older castles in this place.

The ''Fürstenhaus'' at Platz der Demokratie was the first parliament building in Weimar, established in the 1770s. Today it is in use by the Weimar School of Music. The ''Green Castle'' next to the Fürstenhaus was built in the 1560s in Renaissance style and hosts today the [[Duchess Anna Amalia Library]]. The ''Yellow Castle'' at Grüner Markt was built in 1703 and is the municipal library today. The neighbouring ''Red Castle'' is also part of the library and was built in the 1570s. The ''Wittumspalais'' is a smaller widow mansion near Theaterplatz, established in 1768. Outbildings of the ducal residence are the ''Husarenstall'' (1770), the later residence of [[Charlotte von Stein]] at Ackerwand street, the ''Marstall'' (1870s) at Kegelplatz, today used as Thuringian State Archive and the ''Reithaus'' (1710s) within the ''Park an der Ilm''.
<gallery>
File:Weimar, castello 06.JPG|Court of the Stadtschloss
File:Weimar Fürstenhaus 2012.jpg|Fürstenhaus
File:Weimar Grünes Schloss (HAAB).jpg|Green Castle
File:Rotes Schloss in Weimar.jpg|Red Castle
File:Weimar Wittumspalais2.jpg|Wittumspalais
File:Weimar Charlotte von Stein.jpg|Husarenstall
File:Reithaus im Ilmpark.jpg|Reithaus
</gallery>

Furthermore, there are some impressive ducal country residences around Weimar. They are marked by their beautiful parks and gardens. [[Schloss Belvedere, Weimar|Schloss Belvedere]], south-east of Weimar was built between 1724 and 1732 in Baroque style with an orangery near to a ducal hunting forest. North-east of Weimar, at [[Ettersburg]] lies another ducal hunting lodge next to the Ettersberg mountain and its forest, [[Schloss Ettersburg]]. It was established between 1706 and 1711 also in Baroque style. The third summer residence, [[Schloss Tiefurt]], is located in [[Tiefurt]], north-east of Weimar. The small lodge in a wide park in Ilm valley was rebuilt in 1775 in late-Baroque forms.
<gallery>
File:Belvedere weimar1.jpg|Schloss Belvedere, main building
File:Beethovenhaus & Bachhaus des Schloss Belvedere (Weimar).jpg|Schloss Belvedere, side buildings
File:Schloss Ettersburg.JPG|Schloss Ettersburg
File:Schloss Tiefurt.JPG|Schloss Tiefurt
</gallery>

==== Other sights ====
*The town hall at Marktplatz was built between 1837 and 1841 in Neo-Gothic style by ''Heinrich Heß'' after the former one (15th-century) burnt down. 
*The two main buildings of [[Bauhaus University, Weimar|Bauhaus University]] at Marienstraße are icons of 20th-century early-modern architecture. Both were built by [[Henry van de Velde]] between 1904 and 1911. They mark the transition from older Historicism and Art Nouveau to the new international modern style in Germany by their functional forms (e. g. skylights for better working conditions inside). 
*The German National Theatre at Theaterplatz was built in 1906/07 in neo-classicist forms. Two predecessors were in use after 1779 and 1825 as ducal court theatres during Weimar's golden age. In 1919, the [[Weimar National Assembly]] developed the Weimar Constitution in this theatre.
*The ''Gauforum'' at Weimarplatz is a Roman-fascist style representative government district between the city centre and the main station. This Gauforum, designed by [[Hermann Giesler]], was the only realized Nazi government district outside Berlin (whereas there were plans for all German state capitals). Today it hosts the Thuringian Administration State Department.
*The ''[[Park an der Ilm]]'' is the city's largest park along [[Ilm (Thuringia)|Ilm]] river between the ducal palace and the district of Oberweimar. It was established between 1778 and 1833 and is an [[English landscape garden]] today, part of UNESCO world heritage. Sights inside the park are ''Goethe's garden house'' (1690s) and ''Römisches Haus'' (in the style of a Roman temple, 1790s). 
*The Historic Cemetery at Karl-Haußknecht-Straße was opened in 1818 and hosts the graves of Goethe, Schiller and many other famous people from Weimar. 
*The ''Goethe-Schiller-Denkmal'' at Theaterplatz is the most famous memorial in Weimar. It was made by [[Ernst Rietschel]] between 1852 and 1857 and is dedicated to Goethe and Schiller, the most important poets of German classical literature.
*A rather unknown monument is the Lenin-light-box inside the theatre hall "La Redoute". It's a copy of a stained window by Alexander Leonidovich Korolev that shows Lenin in Petrograd (St. Petersburg).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://leninisstillaround.com/2017/03/14/the-light-box/ |title=The light box |date=14 March 2017 |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814204833/https://leninisstillaround.com/2017/03/14/the-light-box/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<gallery>
File:Rathaus Weimar, 2023.jpg|Town hall
File:Bauhaus University Weimar 03.JPG|Southern main building of Bauhaus University
File:Van-de-Velde-Bau in Weimar (Südgiebel).jpg|Northern main building of Bauhaus University
File:Theater Weimar.JPG|Theatre and Goethe-Schiller-Denkmal
File:Weimar - Goethe und Schiller Statuen am Theaterplatz.jpg|Goethe-Schiller-Denkmal
File:Gauforum Weimar Westseite.JPG|One building of the Gauforum
File:Römisches Haus im Park an der Ilm (Weimar).jpg|The Römisches Haus in Park an der Ilm
</gallery>

=== Events ===
The Onion Market (Weimarer Zwiebelmarkt) is an annual festival held in October in Weimar and it is Thuringia's largest festival. The festival is held over 3&nbsp;days and approximately 500 stalls and more than 100 stage performances are put up across the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=October 7th to 9th: the Onion Festival in Weimar |url=http://www.around-germany.com/664/october-7th-to-9th-the-onion-festival-in-weimar/ |author=Festivals & Concerts, Leisure |date=Aug 2011 |publisher=AroundGermany |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825073331/http://www.around-germany.com/664/october-7th-to-9th-the-onion-festival-in-weimar/ |archive-date=25 August 2011}}</ref>

Weimar first celebrated the Onion Market in 1653. Stalls typically offer [[onion]] plaits, themed arts and crafts and numerous onion-based foods, including onion cakes, onion soups and onion breads. The festival also hosts numerous [[beer garden]]s, live music, fairground attractions and a [[Ferris wheel]].

There are several clubs with live music once or twice a week. There is also a [[student club]] in the city centre which also features disco and live music events on Friday- and Saturday nights (Kasseturm). There are several smaller theatre and cabaret venues other than the large "DNT" (Deutsches National Theater). There are four cinemas including a 3-D cinema,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weimar-atrium.de/?page_id=1037 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409102221/http://www.weimar-atrium.de/?page_id=1037 |archive-date=9 April 2013 |title=Cinemagnum 3D Kino Weimar &#124; Weimar Atrium}}</ref> and a Bowling Alley<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weimar-atrium.de/?page_id=1038 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225070159/http://www.weimar-atrium.de/?page_id=1038 |archive-date=25 February 2013 |title=Bowling &#124; Weimar Atrium}}</ref> in the Weimar Atrium, the local mall.