Editing Washington, D.C. (section)

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of the Washington metropolitan area}}
[[File:Ec 05 (26114196145) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Eccles Building]] on [[Constitution Avenue]], home of the [[Federal Reserve]], the [[central bank]] of the United States]]
{{As of|2011|post=,}} the [[Washington metropolitan area]], including the District of Columbia as well as parts of [[Virginia]], [[Maryland]], and [[West Virginia]], was the nation's eighth-largest metropolitan economy. Its growing and diversified economy has an increasing percentage of professional and business service jobs in addition to more traditional jobs rooted in tourism, entertainment, and government.<ref>{{cite news |last=Florida |first=Richard |title=What Housing Crisis? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/06/02/double-dip-not-in-washington-dc/what-housing-crisis |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 15, 2011 |date=June 2, 2011 |archive-date=December 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201091216/http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/06/02/double-dip-not-in-washington-dc/what-housing-crisis |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Obsolete source|date=July 2023}}

Between 2009 and 2016, [[gross domestic product]] per capita in Washington, D.C., consistently ranked at the very top among U.S. states.<ref name="capita2009">{{cite web |title=Per capita real GDP by state (chained 2009 dollars) |url=https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=sic&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=1000&7004=naics&7035=-1&7005=1&7006=xx&7001=11000&7036=-1&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels |website=Bureau of Economic Analysis |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-date=August 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831043848/https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=sic&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=1000&7004=naics&7035=-1&7005=1&7006=xx&7001=11000&7036=-1&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, at $160,472, its GDP per capita was almost three times greater than that of [[Massachusetts]], which was ranked second in the nation (see [[List of U.S. states and territories by GDP]]).<ref name="capita2009" />
{{as of|2022}}, the metropolitan statistical area's unemployment rate was 3.1%, ranking 171 out of the 389 metropolitan areas as defined by the U.S. [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/web/metro/laummtrk.htm|title=Unemployment Rates for Metropolitan Areas |website=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |date=November 2022|access-date=January 8, 2023|archive-date=January 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108210943/https://www.bls.gov/web/metro/laummtrk.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The District of Columbia itself had an unemployment rate of 4.6% during the same time period.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm |title=Unemployment Rates for States |date=November 2022 |publisher=United States Bureau of Labor Statistics |access-date=January 8, 2023 |archive-date=April 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401122314/https://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, Washington, D.C., had the highest median household income in the U.S. at $92,266.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/map?q=S1901%3A%20INCOME%20IN%20THE%20PAST%2012%20MONTHS%20%28IN%202018%20INFLATION-ADJUSTED%20DOLLARS%29&table=S1901&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1901&hidePreview=false&cid=S1901_C01_001E&vintage=2018&lastDisplayedRow=93&layer=state&g=0400000US10,12,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,53,54,55,56,72,05,02,08,01,06,09,04|title=S1901: income in the past 12 months (in 2018 inflation-adjusted dollars)|date=December 19, 2019|website=data.census.gov|access-date=February 26, 2022|archive-date=March 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306105619/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/map?q=S1901%3A%20INCOME%20IN%20THE%20PAST%2012%20MONTHS%20%28IN%202018%20INFLATION-ADJUSTED%20DOLLARS%29&table=S1901&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1901&hidePreview=false&cid=S1901_C01_001E&vintage=2018&lastDisplayedRow=93&layer=state&g=0400000US10,12,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,53,54,55,56,72,05,02,08,01,06,09,04|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the District's [[comprehensive annual financial report]]s, the top employers by number of employees in 2022 included [[Georgetown University]], [[Children's National Medical Center]], [[Washington Hospital Center]], [[George Washington University]], [[American University]], [[Georgetown University Hospital]], [[Booz Allen & Hamilton]], [[Insperity]] PEO Services, [[Universal Protection Service]], [[Howard University]], [[MedStar Health|Medstar Medical Group]], [[George Washington University Hospital]], [[Catholic University of America]], and [[Sibley Memorial Hospital]].<ref>"[https://cfo.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/ocfo/publication/attachments/FY%202022%20DC%20ACFR.pdf Comprehensive Annual Financial Report 2022] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806165625/https://cfo.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/ocfo/publication/attachments/FY%202022%20DC%20ACFR.pdf |date=August 6, 2023 }}". ''Government of the District of Columbia''. January 24, 2023. p. 231.</ref>

=== Federal government ===
{{Main|Federal government of the United States}}
[[File:Aerial view showing top of Washington Monument, Washington, D.C LCCN2010630904 (cropped).tiff|thumb|[[Federal Triangle]], a historic hub of [[United States federal executive departments|executive departments]] of the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]]]]

As of July 2022, 25% of people employed in Washington, D.C., were employed by the federal government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://does.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/does/page_content/attachments/CESdcJuly22%5B3%5D.pdf|title=District of Columbia Wage and Salary Employment by Industry and Place of Work|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022020302/https://does.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/does/page_content/attachments/CESdcJuly22%5B3%5D.pdf|archive-date=2022-10-22|publisher=District of Columbia Department of Employment Services, Office of Labor Market Research and Information|date=2022}}</ref> Many of the region's residents are employed by companies and organizations that do work for the federal government, seek to [[Lobbying in the United States|influence federal policy]], or are otherwise related to its work, including [[law firm]]s, [[defense contractor]]s, [[independent contractor|civilian contractors]], [[nonprofit organization]]s, [[lobbying in the United States|lobbying firms]], [[trade union]]s, [[industry trade group]]s, and [[professional association]]s, many of which have their headquarters in or near the city for proximity to the federal government.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

=== Research and non-profit organizations ===
{{Category see also|Category:Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.}}
[[File:"The Conservative Sensibility" event at AEI.jpg|thumb|A panel discussion at the [[American Enterprise Institute]], one of the city's many [[think tank]]s]]
Washington, D.C., is a leading center for national and international research organizations, especially [[think tank]]s engaged in public policy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=think_tanks&emci=9f8b1916-7161-eb11-9889-00155d43c992&emdi=71ad824c-7761-eb11-9889-00155d43c992&ceid=22832|title=2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report|last=McGann|first=James|date=January 28, 2021|work=University of Pennsylvania|access-date=February 28, 2022|archive-date=February 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228175616/https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=think_tanks|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2020, 8% of the country's think tanks are based in the city, including many of the largest and most widely cited,<ref>{{cite web |last=Luxner |first=Larry |date=February 5, 2021 |title=DC-based organizations dominate 2020 list of world's top think tanks |url=https://washdiplomat.com/dc-based-organizations-dominate-2020-list-of-worlds-top-think-tanks/#:~:text=Washington%2Dbased%20think%20tanks%20among,for%20American%20Progress%2C%20or%20CAP%20( |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228175631/https://washdiplomat.com/dc-based-organizations-dominate-2020-list-of-worlds-top-think-tanks/#:~:text=Washington%2Dbased%20think%20tanks%20among,for%20American%20Progress%2C%20or%20CAP%20( |archive-date=February 28, 2022 |access-date=February 28, 2022 |work=Washington Diplomat}}</ref> including the [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]], [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]], [[Peterson Institute for International Economics]], [[The Heritage Foundation]], and [[Urban Institute]].<ref>[https://guides.library.upenn.edu/c.php?g=1035991&p=7509974 "Public Policy Research Think Tanks 2019"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203154727/https://guides.library.upenn.edu/c.php?g=1035991&p=7509974 |date=December 3, 2022 }}, [[University of Pennsylvania]]</ref>

Washington, D.C. is home to many non-profit organizations that engage with issues of domestic and global importance by conducting advanced research, running programs, or public advocacy. Among these organizations are the [[UN Foundation]], [[Human Rights Campaign]], [[Amnesty International]], and the [[National Endowment for Democracy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact Us |url=https://www.ned.org/contact/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY |language=en-US |archive-date=March 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319194919/https://www.ned.org/contact/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Major medical research institutions include the [[MedStar Washington Hospital Center]] and the [[Children's National Medical Center]].<ref>{{cite web |year=2010 |title=Top 200 Chief Executive Officers of the Major Employers in the District of Columbia 2009 |url=http://does.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/does/publication/attachments/DOES_Top200.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115081218/http://does.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/does/publication/attachments/DOES_Top200.pdf |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=September 6, 2012 |publisher=D.C. Department of Employment Services}}</ref>

The city is the country's primary location for international development firms, many of which contract with the D.C.-based [[United States Agency for International Development]] (USAID), the U.S. federal government's aid agency. The [[American Red Cross]], a humanitarian agency focused on emergency relief, is also based in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charity Navigator - Rating for American Red Cross |url=https://www.charitynavigator.org/ein/530196605 |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=www.charitynavigator.org |archive-date=January 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119120209/https://www.charitynavigator.org/ein/530196605 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Private sector ===
{{see also|Category:Companies based in Washington, D.C.|Washington metropolitan area#Primary industries}}
According to statistics compiled in 2011, four of the [[Fortune 500|largest 500 companies]] in the country were based in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/states/DC.html |title=Fortune 500 2011: States: District Of Columbia Companies |access-date=November 12, 2011 |date=May 23, 2011 |work=[[Fortune Magazine]] |publisher=CNNMoney.com |archive-date=October 31, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031162201/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/states/DC.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2023 [[Global Financial Centres Index]], Washington was ranked as having the 8th most competitive financial center in the world, and fourth most competitive in the United States (after [[Economy of New York City|New York City]], [[San Francisco#Economy|San Francisco]], and [[Los Angeles#Economy|Los Angeles]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_29_Full_Report_2021.03.17_v1.1.pdf |title=The Global Financial Centres Index 29 |date=March 2021 |access-date=July 27, 2021 |archive-date=March 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322132130/https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_29_Full_Report_2021.03.17_v1.1.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Among the largest companies based in Washington, D.C., are [[Fannie Mae]], [[Amtrak]], [[Danaher Corporation]], [[FTI Consulting]], and [[Hogan Lovells]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://builtin.com/washington-dc/companies-in-washington-dc |title=30 Top Companies in Washington, D.C., Shaping the Nation's Business Landscape |newspaper=Built In |date=October 4, 2021 |language=en |last1=McClure |first1=Olivia |access-date=September 8, 2022 |archive-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304220913/https://builtin.com/washington-dc/companies-in-washington-dc |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=August 2024}}

=== Tourism ===
[[File:World War II Memorial Wade-47.JPG|thumb|The [[World War II Memorial]], one of many popular tourist sites located on the [[National Mall]]]]
Tourism is the city's second-largest industry, after the federal government. In 2012, some 18.9&nbsp;million visitors contributed an estimated $4.8&nbsp;billion to the local economy.<ref name=tourism2012>{{cite news |url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/d.c.-sets-tourism-record-with-19m-visitors-in-2012/article/2529134 |title=D.C. sets tourism record with 19&nbsp;m visitors in 2012 |first=Matt |last=Connolly |date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=May 8, 2013 |work=[[The Washington Examiner]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103040727/http://washingtonexaminer.com/d.c.-sets-tourism-record-with-19m-visitors-in-2012/article/2529134 |archive-date=November 3, 2013}}</ref> In 2019, the city saw 24.6 million tourists, including 1.8 million from foreign countries, who collectively spent $8.15 billion during their stay.<ref name="tourism2019">{{citation|url=https://washington-org.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2019_washington_dc_visitor_statistics.pdf|title=2019 VISITOR STATISTICS WASHINGTON, DC|date=2019|work=Discover DC|access-date=February 28, 2022|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922034448/https://washington-org.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2019_washington_dc_visitor_statistics.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Tourism helps many of the region's other industries, such as lodging, food and beverage, entertainment, shopping, and transportation.<ref name="tourism2019" />

The city and the larger [[Washington metropolitan area]] have an array of attractions for tourists, including monuments, memorials, museums, sports events, and trails. Within the city, the [[National Mall]] serves as the center of the tourism industry. It is there that many of the city's museums and monuments are located. Adjacent to the mall sits the [[Tidal Basin]], where several major national memorials and monuments are located, including the popular [[Jefferson Memorial]]. [[Washington Union Station]] is a popular tourist spot with its multitude of restaurants and shops.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}