Editing Volcano (section)

===Supervolcanoes===
[[File:Lake Taupo (31071970884).jpg|thumb|Lake Taupō, a volcanogenic lake in the caldera of [[Taupō Volcano|Taupō supervolcano]], New Zealand.]]
{{Main|Supervolcano}}
{{see also|List of largest volcanic eruptions}}
A supervolcano is defined as a volcano that has experienced one or more eruptions that produced over {{convert|1000|km3|cumi}} of volcanic deposits in a single explosive event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/yellowstone_sub_page_49.html|title=Questions About Supervolcanoes|publisher=United States Geological Survey|department=Yellowstone Volcano Observatory|date=August 21, 2015|access-date=August 22, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703184836/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/yellowstone_sub_page_49.html|archive-date=July 3, 2017}}</ref> Such eruptions occur when a very large magma chamber full of gas-rich, silicic magma is emptied in a catastrophic [[caldera]]-forming eruption. Ash flow [[tuff]]s emplaced by such eruptions are the only volcanic product with volumes rivalling those of [[flood basalt]]s.{{sfn|Philpotts|Ague|2009|p=77}}

Supervolcano eruptions, while the most dangerous type, are very rare; [[Supervolcano#Known super eruptions|four are known from the last million years]], and about 60 historical VEI 8 eruptions have been identified in the geologic record over millions of years. A supervolcano can produce devastation on a continental scale, and severely cool global temperatures for many years after the eruption due to the huge volumes of [[sulfur]] and ash released into the atmosphere.

Because of the enormous area they cover, and subsequent concealment under vegetation and glacial deposits, supervolcanoes can be difficult to identify in the geologic record without careful [[geological map]]ping.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=24968920|title=Giant Volcanic Calderas|last1=Francis|first1=Peter|journal=Scientific American|year=1983|volume=248|issue=6|pages=60–73|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0683-60|bibcode=1983SciAm.248f..60F}}</ref> Known examples include [[Yellowstone Caldera]] in [[Yellowstone National Park]] and [[Valles Caldera]] in [[New Mexico]] (both western United States); [[Lake Taupō]] in New Zealand; [[Lake Toba]] in [[Sumatra]], Indonesia; and [[Ngorongoro Crater]] in Tanzania.

====Caldera volcanoes====
[[File:Crater Lake winter pano2.jpg|thumb|Crater lake, a volcanic lake in [[Oregon]].]]
Volcanoes that, though large, are not large enough to be called supervolcanoes, may also form calderas (collapsed crater) in the same way. There may be active or dormant cones inside of the caldera or even a lake, such lakes are called [[Volcanogenic lake]]s, or simply, volcanic lakes.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Druitt|first1=T. H.|last2=Costa|first2=F.|last3=Deloule|first3=E.|last4=Dungan|first4=M.|last5=Scaillet|first5=B.|title=Decadal to monthly timescales of magma transfer and reservoir growth at a caldera volcano|journal=Nature|volume=482|issue=7383|date=2012|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature10706|pages=77–80|pmid=22297973|bibcode=2012Natur.482...77D|hdl=10220/7536|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name=dkp/>