Editing Vinland (section)

===Other possible Norse finds===
An authentic [[Maine penny|late-11th-century Norwegian silver penny]], with a hole for stringing on a necklace, was found in [[Maine]]. Its discovery by an amateur archaeologist in 1957 is controversial; questions have been raised whether it was planted as a hoax.<ref name="Edmund Carpenter">Edmund S. Carpenter, "Norse Penny", New York (2003); See also the critical book review of Bruce Bourque's "Twelve Thousand Years: American Indians in Maine", published in "American Anthropologist" 104 (2): 670-72, and Prins, Harald E.L., and McBride, Bunny, "Asticou's Island Domain: Wabanaki Peoples at Mount Desert Island 1500-2000." (National Park Service) [http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/acad/wabanaki_peoples_vol1.pdf nps.gov]</ref> Numerous [[Artifact (archaeology)|artifact]]s attributed to the Norse have been found in Canada, particularly on [[Baffin Island]] and in northern [[Labrador]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/10/121019-viking-outpost-second-new-canada-science-sutherland/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021221029/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/10/121019-viking-outpost-second-new-canada-science-sutherland/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 October 2012 |title=Evidence of Viking Outpost Found in Canada |access-date=2013-01-28 |last=Pringle |first=Heather |date=19 Oct 2012 |work=National Geographic News |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/archeo/helluland/str0301e.html | title =Strangers, Partners, Neighbors? Helluland Archaeology Project: Recent Finds | publisher =Canadian Museum of History | access-date =December 19, 2018}}</ref>

Other claimed Norse artifacts in the area south of the St. Lawrence include a number of stones inscribed with runic letters. The [[Kensington Runestone]] was found in [[Minnesota]], but is generally considered a [[hoax]]. The authenticity of the [[Spirit Pond runestones]], recovered in [[Phippsburg, Maine]], is also questioned. Other examples are the [[Heavener Runestone]], the [[Shawnee Runestone]], and the [[Vérendrye Runestone]]. The age and origin of these stones is debated, and so far none has been firmly dated or associated with clear evidence of a medieval Norse presence.<ref name="fitzhugh">William W. Fitzhugh & Elizabeth I. Ward (Eds), "Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga", Washington DC, Smithsonian Books (2000) {{ISBN|1-56098-995-5}}</ref> In general, script in the runic alphabet does not in itself guarantee a Viking age or medieval connection, as it has been suggested that [[Dalecarlian runes]] have been used until the 20th century.

[[Point Rosee]], on the southwest coast of Newfoundland, was thought to be the location of a possible Norse settlement. The site was discovered through [[satellite imagery]] in 2014 by [[Sarah Parcak]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Kean |first=Gary |date=April 2, 2016 |url=http://www.thewesternstar.com/News/Regional/2016-04-02/article-4484764/Update%3A-Archaeologist-thinks-Codroy-Valley-may-have-once-been-visited-by-Vikings/1 |title=Update: Archaeologist thinks Codroy Valley may have once been visited by Vikings |newspaper=[[The Western Star (Corner Brook)|The Western Star]] |access-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416165722/http://www.thewesternstar.com/News/Regional/2016-04-02/article-4484764/Update:-Archaeologist-thinks-Codroy-Valley-may-have-once-been-visited-by-Vikings/1 |archive-date=2016-04-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Strauss |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/160331-viking-discovery-north-america-canada-archaeology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401102426/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/160331-viking-discovery-north-america-canada-archaeology/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 April 2016 |title=Discovery Could Rewrite History of Vikings in New World |newspaper=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] |date=March 31, 2016 }}</ref> In their November 8, 2017, report, which was submitted to the Provincial Archaeology Office in St. John's, Newfoundland,<ref name=SP2017>{{cite news|title=Point Rosee, Codroy Valley, NL (ClBu-07) 2016 Test Excavations under Archaeological Investigation Permit #16.26|publisher=geraldpennyassociates.com, 42 pages|first1=Sarah|last1=Parcak|first2=Gregory|last2=Mumford|date=November 8, 2017|access-date=June 19, 2018|url=http://vocm.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PENNEY-2017-Point-Rosee-Codroy-Valley-NL-Test-Excavation-Report.pdf|quote=[The 2015 and 2016 excavations] found no evidence whatsoever for either a Norse presence or human activity at Point Rosee prior to the historic period. […] None of the team members, including the Norse specialists, deemed this area [Point Rosee] as having any traces of human activity.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620074156/http://vocm.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PENNEY-2017-Point-Rosee-Codroy-Valley-NL-Test-Excavation-Report.pdf|archive-date=June 20, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sarah Parcak and Gregory "Greg" Mumford wrote that they "found no evidence whatsoever for either a Norse presence or human activity at Point Rosee prior to the historic period"<ref name=TCP_2018>{{cite news|first=Holly|last=McKenzie-Sutter|date=May 31, 2018|title=No Viking presence in southern Newfoundland after all, American researcher finds|url=http://www.timescolonist.com/no-viking-presence-in-southern-newfoundland-after-all-american-researcher-finds-1.23320719|publisher=The Canadian Press|access-date=June 18, 2018|quote=An archaeological report presented to the provincial government says there are no signs of a Norse presence in the Point Rosee area in the Codroy Valley. The report on the archaeological work carried out in the area in 2015 and 2016 failed to turn up any signs of Norse occupation, with "no clear evidence" of human occupation before 1800.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618203935/http://www.timescolonist.com/no-viking-presence-in-southern-newfoundland-after-all-american-researcher-finds-1.23320719|archive-date=2018-06-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> and that "None of the team members, including the Norse specialists, deemed this area as having any traces of human activity."<ref name=CBC2018>{{cite news |title=Archeological quest for Codroy Valley Vikings comes up short - Report filed with province states no Norse activity found at dig site |publisher=CBC |first=Lindsay |last=Bird |date=May 30, 2018 |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/codroy-valley-vikings-report-1.4684066|access-date=June 18, 2018|quote=An archeological team searching for a Norse settlement at Point Rosee in the Codroy Valley has come away empty-handed, according to a project report submitted to the province. […] Parcak and Mumford led digs at Point Rosee during the summers of 2015 and 2016, along the way attracting media attention from PBS to the New York Times […]}}</ref>