Editing Vexatious litigation (section)

===== Civil restraint orders =====
{{see also|Civil restraint order}}

Courts in [[England and Wales]] have the means of escalating the sanctions against a litigant who makes applications to the court that are "totally without merit".<ref>''[[Civil Procedure Rules]]'', Practice Direction to Pt.3 3CPD.2.1</ref> [[Civil restraint order]]s allow courts to forbid applications for court hearings without the permission of a judge. There are three types of CRO: limited, extended and general, with different scopes of application.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/civil-restraint-orders--2|title=Civil restraint orders - Detailed guidance - GOV.UK|date=1 October 2014|website=www.gov.uk|access-date=2015-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225043914/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/civil-restraint-orders--2|archive-date=2015-12-25|url-status=live}}</ref> Further applications totally without merit can lead to the withdrawal of the right of [[appeal]]. Harassment of the court and court officials can lead to a penal prohibition notice, prohibiting the litigant from contacting or approaching the court without permission.<ref>{{cite book|title=Civil Litigation|publisher=Sweet & Maxwell|year=2005|isbn=0-421-90690-1|edition=12th|location=London|pages=para 7.011|no-pp=true|author1=O'Hare, J.|author2=Browne, K.|name-list-style=amp}}</ref>