Editing Urinary incontinence (section)

===Devices===
[[File:Foley Catheter Drainage.png|alt=foley catheter|thumb|279x279px|Example of a [[foley catheter]]]]
Individuals who continue to experience urinary incontinence need to find a management solution that matches their individual situation. The use of mechanical devices has not been well studied in women, as of 2014.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lipp A, Shaw C, Glavind K | title = Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2014 | issue = 12 | pages = CD001756 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25517397 | pmc = 7061494 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD001756.pub6 }}</ref>
* [[External urine collection device|Collecting systems]] (for men) – consists of a sheath worn over the penis funneling the urine into a urine bag worn on the leg. These products come in a variety of materials and sizes for individual fit. Studies<ref name="pmid20950307">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chartier-Kastler E, Ballanger P, Petit J, Fourmarier M, Bart S, Ragni-Ghazarossian E, Ruffion A, Le Normand L, Costa P | display-authors = 6 | title = Randomized, crossover study evaluating patient preference and the impact on quality of life of urisheaths vs absorbent products in incontinent men | journal = BJU International | volume = 108 | issue = 2 | pages = 241–247 | date = July 2011 | pmid = 20950307 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09736.x | doi-access = free }}</ref> show that urisheaths and urine bags are preferred over absorbent products – in particular when it comes to 'limitations to daily activities'. Solutions exist for all levels of incontinence. Advantages with collecting systems are that they are discreet, the skin stays dry all the time, and they are convenient to use both day and night.  Disadvantages are that it is necessary to get measured to ensure proper fit, and in some countries, a prescription is needed.
* Absorbent products (include [[Incontinence pad|shields]], [[incontinence pad]]s, undergarments, protective underwear, briefs, diapers, [[adult diapers]] and underpants) are the best-known product types to manage incontinence. They are widely available in pharmacies and supermarkets. The advantages of using these are that they barely need any fitting or introduction by a healthcare specialist. The disadvantages with absorbent products are that they can be bulky, leak, have odors and can cause skin breakdown due to the constant dampness.
* [[Intermittent catheterisation|Intermittent catheters]] are single-use catheters that are inserted into the bladder to empty it, and once the bladder is empty they are removed and discarded. Intermittent catheters are primarily used for urinary retention (inability to empty the bladder), but for some people they can be used to reduce or avoid incontinence.  These are prescription-only medical devices.
* [[File:Pessaries.JPG|alt=Vaginal pessaries|thumb|321x321px|Different types of pessaries. These are inserted inside the vagina for support.]]Indwelling [[catheter]]s (also known as [[Foley catheter|foleys]]) are often used in hospital settings, or if the user is not able to handle any of the above solutions himself/herself (e.g. severe neurologic injury or neurodegenerative disease). These are also prescription-only medical devices. The indwelling catheter is typically connected to a urine bag that can be worn on the leg or hung on the side of the bed. Indwelling catheters need to be monitored and changed on a regular basis by a healthcare professional. The advantage of indwelling catheters is that because the urine is funneled away from the body, the skin remains dry. However, the disadvantage is that it is very common to incur urinary tract infections when using indwelling catheters.  Bladder spasms and other problems can also occur with long-term use of indwelling catheters.<ref name="pmid10670503">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cravens DD, Zweig S | title = Urinary catheter management | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 61 | issue = 2 | pages = 369–376 | date = January 2000 | pmid = 10670503 }}</ref>
* [[Penis clamp]] (or penis compression device), which is applied to compress the [[urethra]] to compensate for the malfunctioning of the natural urinary [[sphincter]], preventing leakage from the [[Urinary bladder|bladder]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chong JT, Simma-Chiang V | title = A historical perspective and evolution of the treatment of male urinary incontinence | journal = Neurourology and Urodynamics | volume = 37 | issue = 3 | pages = 1169–1175 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29053886 | doi = 10.1002/nau.23429 | s2cid = 4769215 }}</ref> This management solution is only suitable for light or moderate incontinence.
* [[Pessary|Vaginal pessaries]] for women are devices inserted into the vagina. This device provides support to the urethra which passes right in front of it, allowing it to close more firmly.