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=== Prenatal === Despite the excellent postnatal prognosis, 99% of Turner syndrome conceptions are thought to end in miscarriage or stillbirth,<ref name=AboutPregnancyLoss>{{cite web| vauthors = Danielsson K |title=Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X) and Pregnancy Loss |url= http://miscarriage.about.com/od/congenitaldisorders/p/turnersyndrome.htm|access-date=17 March 2012 |date=March 12, 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315042034/http://miscarriage.about.com/od/congenitaldisorders/p/turnersyndrome.htm|archive-date=15 March 2012}}</ref> and as many as 15% of all spontaneous abortions have the 45,X karyotype.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Curtis M, Antoniewicz L, Linares ST |title=Glass' Office Gynecology|date=2014|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-1-60831-820-9 |page=226|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2AGBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA226 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Weston G, Vollenhoven B, McNeilage J |title=Practice OSCEs in Obstetrics & Gynaecology: A Guide for the Medical Student and MRANZCOG exams |date=2009 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-7295-7867-7 |page=85 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_oso9VMFwD0C&pg=PA85}}</ref><!-- About 50% due to chromosomal abnormalities and of chromosomal abnormalities up to 25% are X0 --> Among cases that are detected by routine amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, one study found that the prevalence of Turner syndrome among tested pregnancies was 5.58 and 13.3 times higher, respectively, than among live neonates in a similar population.<ref name=Gravholt>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gravholt CH, Juul S, Naeraa RW, Hansen J | title = Prenatal and postnatal prevalence of Turner's syndrome: a registry study | journal = BMJ | volume = 312 | issue = 7022 | pages = 16β21 | date = January 1996 | pmid = 8555850 | pmc = 2349728 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.312.7022.16 }}</ref>
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