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==== Ovarian reserve ==== Studies of hormone levels and ovarian reserve have demonstrated no significant changes after female sterilization, or inconsistent effects.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ercan|first1=Cihangir Mutlu|last2=Sakinci|first2=Mehmet|last3=Coksuer|first3=Hakan Ko|last4=Keskin|first4=Ugur|last5=Tapan|first5=Serkan|last6=Ergun|first6=Ali|date=January 2013|title=Ovarian reserve testing before and after laparoscopic tubal bipolar electrodesiccation and transection|journal=European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology|volume=166|issue=1|pages=56β60|doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.09.013|issn=1872-7654|pmid=23036487}}</ref> Evidence does not indicate a strong association between tubal ligation and earlier onset of menopause.<ref>{{multiref2 | The following study found "tubal ligation did not affect age at natural menopause in the three large cohorts": {{cite journal | last1=Ainsworth | first1=Alessandra J. | last2=Baumgarten | first2=Sarah C. | last3=Bakkum-Gamez | first3=Jamie N. | last4=Vachon | first4=Celine M. | last5=Weaver | first5=Amy L. | last6=Laughlin-Tommaso | first6=Shannon K. | title=Tubal Ligation and Age at Natural Menopause | journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology | publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) | volume=133 | issue=6 | year=2019 | issn=0029-7844 | doi=10.1097/aog.0000000000003266 | pages=1247β1254| pmid=31135741 | pmc=8543885 | doi-access=free }} | This study qualified that tubal ligation "when performed correctly, should not compromise ovarian function" and that "if tubal ligation interferes with vascular supply to the ovaries, it may not be substantial enough to result in an earlier onset of menopause": {{cite journal | last1=Arinkan | first1=Sevcan Arzu | last2=Gunacti | first2=Mert | title=Factors influencing age at natural menopause | journal=Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research | publisher=Wiley | volume=47 | issue=3 | date=2020-12-21 | issn=1341-8076 | doi=10.1111/jog.14614 | pages=913β920| pmid=33350022 | s2cid=229351757 }} | The following study found tubal ligation "was associated with a modestly higher risk": {{cite journal | last1=Langton | first1=C R | last2=Whitcomb | first2=B W | last3=Purdue-Smithe | first3=A C | last4=Sievert | first4=L L | last5=Hankinson | first5=S E | last6=Manson | first6=J E | last7=Rosner | first7=B A | last8=Bertone-Johnson | first8=E R | title=Association of oral contraceptives and tubal ligation with risk of early natural menopause | journal=Human Reproduction | publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) | volume=36 | issue=7 | date=2021-04-02 | issn=0268-1161 | doi=10.1093/humrep/deab054 | pages=1989β1998| pmid=33822044 | pmc=8487650 }} }}</ref>
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