Editing Tristan Tzara (section)

===International leftism===
Over the following decade, Tzara lent his support to political causes. Pursuing his interest in [[primitivism]], he became a critic of the [[French Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic]]'s [[French colonial empires|colonial policy]], and joined his voice to those who supported [[decolonization]].<ref name="spbuot"/> Nevertheless, he was appointed [[cultural ambassador]] of the Republic by the [[Paul Ramadier]] cabinet.<ref>Livezeanu, p.244, 246, 247</ref> He also participated in the PCF-organized Congress of Writers, but, unlike Éluard and Aragon, again avoided adapting his style to [[socialist realism]].<ref name="mrnnradi"/>

He returned to Romania on an official visit in late 1946-early 1947,<ref>Cernat, p.113; Livezeanu, ''passim''</ref><ref name="jfapung">{{in lang|ro}} János Farkas, [http://www.revista-apostrof.ro/articole.php?id=154 "Tristan Tzara în Ungaria. Octombrie 1956"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025050140/http://www.revista-apostrof.ro/articole.php?id=154 |date=25 October 2016 }}, in ''[[Apostrof]]'', Vol. XVII, Nr. 12 (199)</ref> as part of a tour of the emerging [[Eastern Bloc]] during which he also stopped in [[History of Czechoslovakia (1945–1948)|Czechoslovakia]], [[Hungary]], and the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia]].<ref name="jfapung"/> The speeches he and [[Sașa Pană]] gave on the occasion, published by ''[[Orizont]]'' journal, were noted for condoning official positions of the PCF and the [[Romanian Communist Party]], and are credited by Irina Livezeanu with causing a rift between Tzara and young Romanian avant-gardists such as Victor Brauner and [[Gherasim Luca]] (who rejected communism and were alarmed by the [[Iron Curtain]] having fallen over Europe).<ref>Livezeanu, p.252</ref> In September of the same year, he was present at the conference of the pro-communist [[International Union of Students]] (where he was a guest of the French-based [[Union of Communist Students]], and met with similar organizations from Romania and other countries).<ref>G. Brătescu, ''Ce-a fost să fie. Notații autobiografice'', [[Humanitas publishing house|Humanitas]], Bucharest, 2003, p.207-208. {{ISBN|973-50-0425-9}}</ref>

In 1949–1950, Tzara answered Aragon's call and become active in the international campaign to liberate [[Nazım Hikmet]], a [[Turkey|Turkish]] poet whose 1938 arrest for communist activities had created a ''[[cause célèbre]]'' for the pro-Soviet public opinion.<ref>Göksu & Timms, p.212, 318</ref><ref name="mcmusic">Mark Carroll, ''Music and Ideology in Cold War Europe'', [[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge, 2003, p.52. {{ISBN|0-521-82072-3}}</ref> Tzara chaired the Committee for the Liberation of Nazım Hikmet, which issued petitions to national governments<ref name="mcmusic"/><ref>Göksu & Timms, p.212</ref> and commissioned works in honor of Hikmet (including musical pieces by [[Louis Durey]] and [[Serge Nigg]]).<ref name="mcmusic"/> Hikmet was eventually released in July 1950, and publicly thanked Tzara during his subsequent visit to Paris.<ref>Göksu & Timms, p.318</ref>

His works of the period include, among others: ''Le Signe de vie'' ("Sign of Life", 1946), ''Terre sur terre'' ("Earth on Earth", 1946), ''Sans coup férir'' ("Without a Need to Fight", 1949), ''De mémoire d'homme'' ("From a Man's Memory", 1950), ''Parler seul'' ("Speaking Alone", 1950), and ''La Face intérieure'' ("The Inner Face", 1953), followed in 1955 by ''À haute flamme'' ("Flame out Loud") and ''Le Temps naissant'' ("The Nascent Time"), and the 1956 ''Le Fruit permis'' ("The Permitted Fruit").<ref name="enotestt"/><ref name="imjbokks">[http://www.imj.org.il/imagine/dada_surrealism/pdf/books%20from%20schwarz%20catalog-3.pdf ''Books in the Vera and Arturo Schwarz Collection''], at the [[Israel Museum]]; retrieved 23 April 2008</ref> Tzara continued to be an active promoter of modernist culture. Around 1949, having read [[Ireland|Irish]] author [[Samuel Beckett]]'s manuscript of ''[[Waiting for Godot]]'', Tzara facilitated the play's staging by approaching producer [[Roger Blin]].<ref name="dbgodot">[[David Bradby]], ''Beckett: Waiting for Godot'', [[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge, 2001, p.46. {{ISBN|0-521-59510-X}}</ref> He also translated into French some poems by Hikmet<ref>Bernard Vargaftig (ed.), ''Poésies de Résistence'', J'ai lu, Paris, 1994. {{ISBN|2-277-23767-1}}</ref> and the Hungarian author [[Attila József]].<ref name="jfapung"/> In 1949, he introduced Picasso to art dealer [[Heinz Berggruen]] (thus helping start their lifelong partnership),<ref>Alan Riding
"Obituary: Heinz Berggruen, Noted Art Dealer and Collector", in ''[[Int. Her. Trib.|The International Herald Tribune]]'', 26 February 2007</ref> and, in 1951, wrote the catalog for an exhibit of works by his friend [[Max Ernst]]; the text celebrated the artist's "free use of stimuli" and "his discovery of a new kind of humor."<ref>Richter, p.164</ref>