Editing Transcription factor (section)

=== Activation ===

Transcription factors may be activated (or deactivated) through their '''signal-sensing domain''' by a number of mechanisms including:
* [[ligand (biochemistry)|ligand]] binding – Not only is ligand binding able to influence where a transcription factor is located within a cell but ligand binding can also affect whether the transcription factor is in an active state and capable of binding DNA or other cofactors (see, for example, [[nuclear receptor]]s).
* [[phosphorylation]]<ref name="pmid2149275">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bohmann D |date=November 1990 |title=Transcription factor phosphorylation: a link between signal transduction and the regulation of gene expression |journal=Cancer Cells |volume=2 |issue=11 |pages=337–44 |pmid=2149275}}</ref><ref name="pmid17536004">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Weigel NL, Moore NL |date=October 2007 |title=Steroid receptor phosphorylation: a key modulator of multiple receptor functions |journal=Molecular Endocrinology |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=2311–9 |doi=10.1210/me.2007-0101 |pmid=17536004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> – Many transcription factors such as [[STAT protein]]s must be [[phosphorylation|phosphorylated]] before they can bind DNA.
* interaction with other transcription factors (''e.g.'', homo- or hetero-[[protein dimer|dimerization]]) or [[transcription coregulator|coregulatory]] proteins{{cn|date=March 2024}}