Editing Trafalgar Square (section)

== Events ==

=== New Year ===
For many years, revellers celebrating the [[New Year]] have gathered in the square despite a lack of celebrations being arranged. The lack of official events was partly because the authorities were concerned that encouraging more partygoers would cause overcrowding. Since 2003, a firework display centred on the [[London Eye]] and [[South Bank]] of the [[River Thames|Thames]] has been provided as an alternative. Since 2014, New Year celebrations have been organised by the Greater London Authority in conjunction with the charity [[Unicef]], who began ticketing the event to control crowd numbers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.london.gov.uk/get-involved/events/london-nye-2015-fireworks|title=London New Year's Eve with Unicef.|work=Greater London Authority|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117063425/https://www.london.gov.uk/get-involved/events/london-nye-2015-fireworks|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The fireworks display was cancelled during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. An event scheduled to take place in the Square to welcome in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-59343732|title = London New Year fireworks replaced by Trafalgar Square event|work = BBC News|date = 19 November 2021}}</ref> was cancelled during the spread of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-59734081|title = Omicron: Trafalgar Square New Year's Eve event cancelled|work = BBC News|date = 20 December 2021}}</ref>

=== Christmas ===
{{See also|Trafalgar Square Christmas tree}}
[[File:Trafalgar Square Christmas tree8.jpg|thumb|upright|The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree in 2008|alt=The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree]]

A [[Christmas]] ceremony has been held in the square every year since 1947.<ref name=bbctree /> A [[Norway spruce]] (or sometimes a [[fir]]) is presented by Norway's capital city, [[Oslo]] as London's [[Christmas tree]], a token of gratitude for Britain's support during World War&nbsp;II.<ref name=bbctree /> (Besides war-time support, Norway's [[Olav V of Norway|Prince Olav]] and the country's government lived in exile in London throughout the war.<ref name=bbctree />)

The Christmas tree is decorated with lights that are switched on at a seasonal ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/events/tree-lighting#?tab=map&map=SignificantWeather&zoom=8&lon=-0.12&lat=51.51&fcTime=1362477600|title=Trafalgar Square tree lighting ceremony|publisher=Met Office|access-date=25 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031060337/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/events/tree-lighting#?tab=map&map=SignificantWeather&zoom=8&lon=-0.12&lat=51.51&fcTime=1362477600|archive-date=31 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> It is usually held twelve days before Christmas Day. The festivity is open to the public and attracts a large number of people.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/trafalgar-square-sparkles-blue-as-christmas-tree-lights-go-on-8388954.html|title=Trafalgar Square sparkles blue as Christmas tree lights go on|work=London Evening Standard|access-date=28 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209052210/http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/trafalgar-square-sparkles-blue-as-christmas-tree-lights-go-on-8388954.html|archive-date=9 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The switch-on is usually followed by several nights of [[Christmas carol]] singing and other performances and events.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.london.gov.uk/events/2015-12-03/christmas-trafalgar-square|title=Christmas in Trafalgar Square|publisher=Greater London Council|access-date=21 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209203129/http://www.london.gov.uk/events/2015-12-03/christmas-trafalgar-square|archive-date=9 December 2015|url-status=live|date=5 November 2015}}</ref> On the [[twelfth night]] of Christmas, the tree is taken down for recycling. Westminster City Council threatened to abandon the event to save £5,000 in 1980 but the decision was reversed.<ref name=bbctree>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/for_christmas/_new_year/christmas_decorations/39383.stm|title=Shedding light on Christmas|work=BBC News|date=21 December 1997|access-date=21 December 2015}}</ref>

The tree is selected by the Head Forester from Oslo's [[municipal forest]] and shipped, across the [[North Sea]] to the [[Port of Felixstowe]], then by road to Trafalgar Square. The first tree was {{convert|48|ft|m}} tall, but more recently has been around {{convert|75|ft|m}}. In 1987, protesters chained themselves to the tree.<ref name=bbctree /> In 1990, a man sawed into the tree with a chainsaw a few hours before a New Year's Eve party was scheduled to take place. He was arrested and the tree was repaired by [[Arborist|tree surgeons]] who removed gouged sections from the trunk while the tree was suspended from a crane.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-12-31-mn-5771-story.html|title=Man Takes Chain Saw to Trafalgar Square Tree, but Tannenbaum Stands|agency=Associated Press|date=31 December 1990|access-date=22 December 2015|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223071915/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-12-31/news/mn-5771_1_tree-square-trafalgar|archive-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Political demonstrations ===
[[File:Rally at Trafalgar Square, part of the Mud March.jpg|alt=A demonstration in Trafalgar Square|right|thumb|A demonstration in Trafalgar Square]]
The square has become a social and political focus for visitors and Londoners, developing over its history from "an [[esplanade]] peopled with figures of national heroes, into the country's foremost ''place politique''", as historian Rodney Mace has written. Since its construction, it has been a venue for political demonstrations.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=935}} The great [[Chartism|Chartist]] rally in 1848, a campaign for social reform by the working class began in the square.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=935}} A ban on political rallies remained in effect until the 1880s, when the emerging [[Labour movement]], particularly the [[Social Democratic Federation]], began holding protests. On {{Nowrap|8 February}} 1886 (also known as "Black Monday"), protesters rallied against unemployment leading to a riot in [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]]. A larger riot (''"[[Bloody Sunday (1887)|Bloody Sunday]]"'') occurred in the square on {{Nowrap|13 November}} 1887.{{sfn|Crick|1994|p=47}}

The [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]]'s first [[Aldermaston Marches|Aldermaston March]], protesting against the [[Atomic Weapons Establishment]] (AWE), began in the square in 1958.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=935}} One of the first significant demonstrations of the modern era was held in the square on {{Nowrap|19 September}} 1961 by the [[Committee of 100 (United Kingdom)|Committee of 100]], which included the philosopher [[Bertrand Russell]]. The protesters rallied for peace and against war and nuclear weapons. In March 1968, a crowd of 10,000 demonstrated against US involvement in the [[Vietnam War]] before marching to the [[Embassy of the United States, London|American Embassy]] in [[Grosvenor Square]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/17/newsid_2818000/2818967.stm |title=On This Day – 17 March – 1968: Anti-Vietnam demo turns violent |date=2008 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111134315/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/17/newsid_2818000/2818967.stm |archive-date=11 January 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

[[File:DemonstrationAgainstAntiTerrorismLawLondon23Jan.jpg|thumb|Protesting against harassment of photographers under anti-terrorism law, 23 January 2010|alt=Protests]]
Throughout the 1980s, a continuous anti-[[apartheid]] protest was held outside South Africa House. In 1990, the [[Poll Tax Riots]] began by a demonstration attended by 200,000 people and ultimately caused rioting in the surrounding area.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=935}} More recently, there have been anti-war demonstrations opposing the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Afghanistan War]] and the [[Iraq War]].<ref>{{citation|author=Keith Flett|title=The Committee of 100: Sparking a new left|url=http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=5114|journal=[[Socialist Worker]]|issue=1933|date=8 January 2005|access-date=10 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321061644/http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=5114|archive-date=21 March 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> A large vigil was held shortly after the [[7 July 2005 London bombings|terrorist bombings in London]] on Thursday, {{Nowrap|7 July}} 2005.<ref>{{citation|title=London falls silent for bomb dead|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4679681.stm|work=BBC News|date=14 July 2005|access-date=22 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060722004846/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4679681.stm|archive-date=22 July 2006|url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2009, participants from the Camp for Climate Action occupied the square for the two weeks during which the UN Conference on Climate Change took place in [[Copenhagen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.climatecamp.org.uk/actions/copenhagen-2009/cop15-out |title=COP OUT CAMP OUT Âť Camp for Climate Action |publisher=Climatecamp.org.uk |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929120826/http://www.climatecamp.org.uk/actions/copenhagen-2009/cop15-out |archive-date=29 September 2011 }}</ref> It was billed as a UK base for direct action on climate change and saw various actions and protests stem from the occupation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2009/12/443493.html?c=on#c239066 |title=UK Indymedia – Climate protestors scale Canadian Embassy and deface flag |publisher=Indymedia.org.uk |date=15 December 2009 |access-date=26 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2009/12/443706.html |title=UK Indymedia – Climate Camp Trafalgar- Ice Bear action |publisher=Indymedia.org.uk |date=18 December 2009 |access-date=26 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011222724/http://indymedia.org.uk/en/2009/12/443706.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2009/12/443698.html |title=UK Indymedia – Thur Dec 17 protest outside Danish Embassy, London |publisher=Indymedia.org.uk |date=17 December 2009 |access-date=26 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011194235/http://indymedia.org.uk/en/2009/12/443698.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In March 2011, the square was occupied by a crowd protesting against the UK Budget and proposed budget cuts. During the night the situation turned violent as the escalation by riot police and protesters damaged portions of the square.<ref>[[Wikinews:Battle for Trafalgar Square, London as violence breaks out between demonstrators and riot police]]</ref> In November 2015 a vigil against the [[November 2015 Paris attacks|terrorist attacks in Paris]] was held. Crowds sang the French [[national anthem]], ''[[La Marseillaise]]'', and held banners in support of the city and country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/paris-attacks-thousands-attend-vigil-in-trafalgar-square-a6734926.html|title=Paris terror attacks|newspaper=The Independent|date=14 November 2015|access-date=17 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122024302/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/paris-attacks-thousands-attend-vigil-in-trafalgar-square-a6734926.html|archive-date=22 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:UK-2014-London-Statue of Charles James Napier.jpg|thumb|upright|The statue of Charles James Napier in Trafalgar Square, London]]

Every year on the anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar ({{Nowrap|21 October}}), the [[Sea Cadet Corps (United Kingdom)|Sea Cadet Corps]] holds a parade in honour of Admiral Lord Nelson and the British victory over the combined fleets of Spain and France at Trafalgar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9624106/Sea-Cadets-in-Battle-of-Trafalgar-parade.html|title=Sea Cadets in Battle of Trafalgar parade|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=21 October 2012|access-date=18 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222083810/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9624106/Sea-Cadets-in-Battle-of-Trafalgar-parade.html|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Royal British Legion]] holds a Silence in the Square event on [[Armistice Day]], 11 November, in remembrance of those who died in war. The event includes music and poetry readings, culminating in a [[bugler]] playing the [[Last Post]] and a [[two-minute silence]] at 11 am.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34783337|title=Armistice Day: Nation remembers war dead|work=BBC News|date=11 November 2015|access-date=21 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114200155/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34783337|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2019, hundreds of students participated in a protest against climate change as a part of the [[School strike for climate|School strike for Climate]] campaign. The protest started in the nearby [[Parliament Square]], and as the day went on, the demonstrators moved towards Trafalgar Square.<ref>{{Cite web|title=School children across UK strike over climate change|url=https://news.sky.com/story/live-school-children-across-uk-strike-over-climate-change-11637954|access-date=4 March 2021|website=Sky News|language=en}}</ref>

In July 2020, two members of the protest group [[Animal Rebellion]] were arrested on suspicion for criminal damage after releasing red [[dye]] into the fountains.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-53377221|title=Trafalgar Square fountains: Two arrested over red dye protest|work=BBC News|date=11 July 2020|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/07/11/vegan-activists-turn-trafalgar-square-fountains-blood-red-12976501/|title=Vegan activists turn Trafalgar Square fountains blood red|newspaper=Metro|date=11 July 2020|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>

In September 2020, anti-lockdown protests opposed to the imposition of regulations relating to the coronavirus outbreak took place in the square.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-protesters-and-police-officer-hurt-in-clashes-at-anti-lockdown-rally-in-central-london-12082468|title=Coronavirus: London anti-lockdown protests see 16 arrests as police left in hospital after clashes|website=Sky News}}</ref>

A police observation box has been in the Square since 1919, originally a wooden freestanding unit, it was replaced by hollowing out a lampstand at the southeastern corner of the Square into a permanent structure in 1928, but decommissioned in the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ianvisits.co.uk/articles/london-smallest-police-station-in-trafalgar-square-isnt-what-its-claimed-to-be-24909/|title=Trafalgar Square's "police station" isn't what it's claimed to be|website=ianVisits|date=8 April 2018 }}</ref>

=== Sport ===
In the 21st century, Trafalgar Square has been the location for several sporting events and [[victory parade]]s. In June 2002, 12,000 people gathered to watch [[England national football team|England]]'s [[2002 FIFA World Cup|FIFA World Cup]] quarter-final against [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] on giant video screens which had been erected for the occasion.<ref>{{citation|title=England fans mourn defeat|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/england_v_brazil/newsid_2055000/2055509.stm|work=BBC News|date=21 June 2002|access-date=24 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408160653/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/england_v_brazil/newsid_2055000/2055509.stm|archive-date=8 April 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> The square was used by [[England national rugby union team|England]] on {{Nowrap|9 December}} 2003 to celebrate their victory in the [[2003 Rugby World Cup|Rugby World Cup]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/rugby_world_cup/3300061.stm|title=England honours World Cup stars|work=BBC Sport|date=9 December 2003|access-date=16 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021030351/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/rugby_world_cup/3300061.stm|archive-date=21 October 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> and on {{Nowrap|13 September}} 2005 for [[England national cricket team|England]]'s victory in [[2005 Ashes|the Ashes]] series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/ashes_2005/4239254.stm|title=Fans hail England's Ashes heroes|work=BBC News|date=13 September 2005|access-date=16 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910205900/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/ashes_2005/4239254.stm|archive-date=10 September 2007|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 6 July 2005, Trafalgar Square hosted the official watch party for London's bid to host the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] at the [[117th IOC Session]] in [[Singapore]], hosted by [[Katy Hill]] and [[Margherita Taylor]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/6/newsid_4940000/4940112.stm|title=2005: London to host 2012 Olympics|work=BBC News|access-date=7 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209035449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/6/newsid_4940000/4940112.stm|archive-date=9 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> A countdown clock was erected in March 2011, although engineering and weather-related faults caused it to stop a day later.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/8383538/London-2012-Olympics-Trafalgar-Square-countdown-clock-stops.html|title=London 2012 Olympics: Trafalgar Square countdown clock stops|first=Jacquelin|last=Magnay|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=15 March 2011|access-date=7 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223105908/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/8383538/London-2012-Olympics-Trafalgar-Square-countdown-clock-stops.html|archive-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2007, it hosted the opening ceremonies of the [[Tour de France]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/6278942.stm|title=Crowds turn out for Tour opening|work=BBC News|date=6 July 2007|access-date=7 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715164537/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/6278942.stm|archive-date=15 July 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> and was part of the course for subsequent races.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2014/july/london-gets-ready-to-welcome-back-the-tour-de-france-on-monday|title=London gets ready to welcome back the Tour de France on Monday|publisher=Transport For London|date=4 July 2014|access-date=7 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222173329/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2014/july/london-gets-ready-to-welcome-back-the-tour-de-france-on-monday|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Other uses ===
[[File:Trafalgar Square Grass - May 2007.jpg|250px|thumb|Trafalgar Square temporarily grassed over in May 2007|alt=Trafalgar Square temporarily grassed over]]
The [[Sea Cadets]] hold a yearly Battle of Trafalgar victory parade running the north of [[Whitehall]], from [[Horse Guard's Parade]] to Nelson's Column.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9624106/Sea-Cadets-in-Battle-of-Trafalgar-parade.html|title=Sea Cadets in Battle of Trafalgar parade|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=21 October 2012|access-date=31 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622222323/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9624106/Sea-Cadets-in-Battle-of-Trafalgar-parade.html|archive-date=22 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

As an archetypal London location, Trafalgar Square featured in film and television productions during the [[Swinging London]] era of the late 1960s, including ''[[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]]'',<ref>{{cite book|title=Saints and Avengers: British Adventure Series of the 1960s|first=James|last=Chapman|page=72|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2002|isbn=978-1-86064-753-6}}</ref> ''[[Casino Royale (1967 film)|Casino Royale]]'',<ref>{{cite book|title=The Music of James Bond|first=Jon|last=Burlingame|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2012|page=68|isbn=978-0-19-986330-3}}</ref> ''[[Doctor Who]]'',<ref>{{cite book|title=A Critical History of Doctor Who on Television|first=John Kenneth|last=Muir|publisher=McFarland|page=228|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7864-3716-0}}</ref> and ''[[The Ipcress File (film)|The Ipcress File]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=London Film Location Guide|first=Simon|last=James|publisher=Anova Books|page=91|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7134-9062-6}}</ref> It was used for filming several sketches and a cartoon backdrop in the [[BBC]] comedy series ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]''.{{sfn|Larsen|2008|p=203}} In May 2007, the square was grassed over with 2,000 square metres of turf for two days in a campaign by London authorities to promote "green spaces" in the city.<ref>{{citation|title=Trafalgar Square green with turf|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/6687089.stm|work=BBC News|date=24 May 2007|access-date=18 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827233920/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/6687089.stm|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2011, due to building works in [[Leicester Square]], the world premiere of the final film in the [[Harry Potter (film series)|''Harry Potter'' series]], ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2]]'', was held in Trafalgar Square, with a {{convert|0.75|mi|km|adj=on}} red carpet linking the squares. Fans camped in Trafalgar Square for up to three days before the premiere, despite torrential rain. It was the first film premiere ever to be held there.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-14060308|title=Harry Potter premiere: Stars and fans bid tearful goodbye|first=Tim|last=Masters|work=BBC Entertainment & Arts|date=7 July 2011|access-date=18 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421105815/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-14060308|archive-date=21 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

The square has seen controversy over [[busking]] and [[street theatre]], which have attracted complaints over noise and public safety.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/buskers-in-the-west-end-could-need-licences-after-outcry-at-noise-a4004631.html|title=Buskers in the West End could need licences after outcry at noise|work=London Evening Standard|date=30 November 2018|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> In 2012, the [[Greater London Authority]] created a bylaw for regulating busking and associated tourism.{{sfn|Odih|2019|p=346}}<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/trafalgar_square_byelaws.pdf|title=Trafalgar Square Byelaws|work=Greater London Council|pages=3–4|year=2012|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> In 2016, the National Gallery proposed to introduce licensing for such performances.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/national-gallery-plans-to-demand-trafalgar-square-buskers-leave-so-it-can-create-one-of-london-s-a6877966.html|title=National Gallery plans to demand Trafalgar Square buskers leave so it can create 'one of London's great parks'|newspaper=The Independent|date=16 February 2016|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref>