Editing Toxoplasmosis (section)

===Congenital===
When a pregnant woman is diagnosed with acute toxoplasmosis, amniocentesis can be used to determine whether the fetus has been infected or not. When a pregnant woman develops acute toxoplasmosis, the [[tachyzoites]] have approximately a 30% chance of entering the placental tissue, and from there entering and infecting the fetus. As gestational age at the time of infection increases, the chance of fetal infection also increases.<ref name="Robert-GangneuxDarde2012">{{cite journal |last1=Robert-Gangneux |first1=Florence |last2=Dardé |first2=Marie-Laure |title=Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis |journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews |date=April 2012 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=264–296 |doi=10.1128/CMR.05013-11 |pmid=22491772 |pmc=3346298 }}</ref>

If the parasite has not yet reached the fetus, [[spiramycin]] can help to prevent placental transmission. If the fetus has been infected, the pregnant woman can be treated with [[pyrimethamine]] and [[sulfadiazine]], with [[folinic acid]], after the first trimester. They are treated after the first trimester because pyrimethamine has an antifolate effect, and lack of folic acid can interfere with [[Neural tube defect|fetal brain formation]] and cause [[thrombocytopaenia]].<ref name="JonesLopez2003">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jones J, Lopez A, Wilson M |title=Congenital toxoplasmosis |journal=American Family Physician |volume=67 |issue=10 |pages=2131–8 |year=2003 |pmid=12776962 }}</ref> Infection in earlier gestational stages correlates with poorer fetal and neonatal outcomes, particularly when the infection is untreated.<ref name=McLeod2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=McLeod R, Kieffer F, Sautter M, Hosten T, Pelloux H |title=Why prevent, diagnose and treat congenital toxoplasmosis? |journal=Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=320–44 |year=2009 |pmid=19430661 |pmc=2735102 |doi= 10.1590/s0074-02762009000200029}}</ref>

Newborns who undergo 12 months of postnatal anti-toxoplasmosis treatment have a low chance of sensorineural hearing loss.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=McLeod R, Boyer K, Karrison T, Kasza K, Swisher C, Roizen N, Jalbrzikowski J, Remington J, Heydemann P, Noble AG, Mets M, Holfels E, Withers S, Latkany P, Meier P|collaboration=Toxoplasmosis Study Group|date=15 May 2006|title=Outcome of Treatment for Congenital Toxoplasmosis, 1981–2004: The National Collaborative Chicago-Based, Congenital Toxoplasmosis Study|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=42|issue=10|pages=1383–1394|doi=10.1086/501360|pmid=16619149|doi-access=free}}</ref> Information regarding treatment milestones for children with congenital toxoplasmosis have been created for this group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Congenital Toxoplasmosis |website=Baby's First Test |url=https://www.babysfirsttest.org/newborn-screening/conditions/congenital-toxoplasmosis |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref>