Editing Tourism (section)

== Economic significance of tourism ==
[[File:The promenade, Blackpool, Lancashire, England, ca. 1898.jpg|thumb| Photochrom of the [[Blackpool]] promenade c. 1898]]
The tourism industry, as part of the [[service sector]],<ref>
{{cite book |last1=Tassiopoulos| first1=Dimitri| title=New Tourism Ventures: An Entrepreneurial and Managerial Approach| publisher=Juta and Company Ltd| year=2008| isbn=9780702177262| editor1-last=Tassiopoulos| editor1-first=Dimitri| location=Cape Town| publication-date=2008| page=10}}</ref> has become an important source of income for many regions and even for entire countries. The ''Manila Declaration on World Tourism of 1980'' recognized its importance as "an activity essential to the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of national societies, and on their international relations."<ref name="unwto1034"/><ref>{{cite conference|date=10 October 1980|title=Manila Declaration on World Tourism|url=http://www.univeur.org/cuebc/downloads/PDF%20carte/65.%20Manila.PDF|conference=World Tourism Conference|location=[[Manila]], [[Philippines]]|pages=1–4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120180003/http://www.univeur.org/CMS/UserFiles/65.%20Manila.PDF|archive-date=20 November 2012}}</ref>

Tourism brings large amounts of income into a local economy in the form of payment for [[goods and services]] needed by tourists, accounting {{as of | 2011 | lc = on}} for 30% of the world's [[trade]] in services, and, as an [[invisible export]], for 6% of overall [[export]]s of goods and services.<ref name="pr12027"/> It also generates opportunities for [[employment]] in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector of the economy]] associated with tourism.<ref name="WTO2012Highlights">{{cite web|date=June 2012|title=2012 Tourism Highlights|url=http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights12enlr_1.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709215809/http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights12enlr_1.pdf|archive-date=9 July 2012|access-date=17 June 2012|publisher=UNWTO}}</ref> It is also claimed that travel broadens the mind.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2016/jan/18/travel-broadens-the-mind-but-can-it-alter-the-brain|website=theguardian.com|title=Travel broadens the mind, but can it alter the brain?|date=18 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/5mpgT5k3tSNsGBSc0kBD7fg/james-rebanks-one-shepherd-and-his-beloved-herdwick-sheep|quote="People think travel broadens the mind, I'm not so sure. I think a focus on, and love of, one place can make people rather sensible, decent, and wise' —James Rebanks|website=bbc.co.uk|title=James Rebanks: One shepherd and his beloved Herdwick sheep|first=James|last=Rebanks|year=2019}}</ref>

The hospitality industries which benefit from tourism include [[transport|transportation services]] (such as [[airline]]s, [[cruise ship]]s, [[public transport|transit]]s, [[train]]s and [[taxicab]]s); [[lodging]] (including [[hotel]]s, [[hostel]]s, [[homestay]]s, [[resort]]s and renting out rooms); and entertainment venues (such as [[amusement park]]s, [[restaurant]]s, [[casino]]s, [[festival]]s, [[shopping mall]]s, [[music venue]]s, and [[theatre]]s). This is in addition to goods bought by tourists, including [[souvenir]]s.

On the flip-side, tourism can degrade people<ref>
{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pvp_AAAAMAAJ|title=The Challenge of Tourism: Learning Resources for Study and Action|date=1990|publisher=Ecumenical Coalition on Third World Tourism|isbn=9789748555706|editor1-last=O'Grady|editor1-first=Alison|page=19|quote=[...] the products to be sold to international tourists are not only natural resources such as sea, sand and sun, but also the subservience of people in receiving countries.|access-date=20 September 2019}}
</ref> and sour relationships between host and guest.<ref>
{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Melanie K.|url=https://archive.org/details/issuesincultural0000smit|title=Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=978-0-415-25638-4|series=Tourism / Routledge|location=London|publication-date=2003|page=[https://archive.org/details/issuesincultural0000smit/page/50 50]|quote=The globalisation of tourism has partially exacerbated the relationships of inequality and subservience that are so commonplace in host-guest encounters. It is not simply enough for local people to accept their role as servants, guides or companions to a range of ever-changing tourists. They are also confronted increasingly by the luxurious global products of Western indulgence which remain far from their reach, rather like the thirsty Tantalus in his elusive pool of water.|access-date=30 May 2018|url-access=registration}}
</ref> Tourism frequently also puts additional pressure on the local environment.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gössling |first1=Stefan |last2=Hansson |first2=Carina Borgström |last3=Hörstmeier |first3=Oliver |last4=Saggel |first4=Stefan |date=2002-12-01 |title=Ecological footprint analysis as a tool to assess tourism sustainability |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800902002112 |journal=Ecological Economics |language=en |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=199–211 |doi=10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00211-2 |bibcode=2002EcoEc..43..199G |issn=0921-8009}}</ref>

The economic foundations of tourism are essentially the cultural assets, the [[cultural property]] and the [[nature]] of the travel location. The [[World Heritage Sites]] are particularly worth mentioning today because they are real tourism magnets. But even a country's current or former form of government can be decisive for tourism. For example, the fascination of the [[British royal family]] brings millions of tourists to Great Britain every year and thus the economy around £550 million a year. The [[Habsburg]] family can be mentioned in Central Europe. According to estimates, the Habsburg brand should generate tourism sales of 60 million euros per year for Vienna alone. The tourist principle "Habsburg sells" applies.<ref>[[Laurajane Smith]] "Uses of Heritage" (2006); Regina Bendix, Vladimir Hafstein "Culture and Property. An Introduction" (2009) in Ethnologia Europaea 39/2</ref><ref>Gerhard Bitzan, Christine Imlinger "Die Millionen-Marke Habsburg" (German), in Die Presse, 15 July 2011.</ref>