Editing Tourette syndrome (section)

=== Behavioral ===
{{Further|Management of Tourette syndrome#Behavioral}}
Behavioral therapies using [[habit reversal training]] (HRT) and [[Exposure therapy|exposure and response prevention]] (ERP) are first-line interventions in the management of Tourette syndrome,<ref name=Ueda2021/><ref name= EuropeanPartII>{{cite journal |vauthors=Andrén P, Jakubovski E, Murphy TL, et al |title=European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part II: psychological interventions |journal=Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry |date=July 2021 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=403–423 |pmid=34313861 |pmc=8314030 |doi=10.1007/s00787-021-01845-z }}</ref> and have been shown to be effective.<ref name= Fernandez /> Because tics are somewhat suppressible, when people with TS are aware of the premonitory urge that precedes a tic, they can be trained to develop a response to the urge that competes with the tic.<ref name= Dale2017 /><ref name=Frundt2017>{{cite journal |vauthors=Fründt O, Woods D, Ganos C |title=Behavioral therapy for Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders |journal=Neurol Clin Pract |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=148–156 |date=April 2017 |pmid=29185535 |pmc=5669407 |doi=10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000348 |type= Review}}</ref> [[Habit reversal training#Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics|Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics]] (CBIT) is based on HRT, the best researched behavioral therapy for tics.<ref name= Frundt2017 /> TS experts debate whether increasing a child's awareness of tics with HRT/CBIT (as opposed to ignoring tics) can lead to more tics later in life.<ref name= Frundt2017 />

When disruptive behaviors related to comorbid conditions exist, anger control training and [[parent management training]] can be effective.<ref name= Hollis /><!-- p. xxxviii.-->{{sfnp|Sukhodolsky|Gladstone|Kaushal|Piasecka|2017|p= 250}}<ref name=Bloch2009 /> CBT is a useful treatment when OCD is present.<ref name= Dale2017 /> [[Relaxation technique]]s, such as exercise, yoga and meditation may be useful in relieving the stress that can aggravate tics. Beyond HRT, the majority of behavioral interventions for Tourette's (for example, relaxation training and [[biofeedback]]) have not been systematically evaluated and are not empirically supported.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Woods DW, Himle MB, Conelea CA |title=Behavior therapy: other interventions for tic disorders |journal=Adv Neurol |volume=99 |pages=234–240 |date=2006 |pmid=16536371 |type= Review}}</ref>