Editing Tokyo (section)

== Geography ==
The mainland portion of Tokyo lies northwest of [[Tokyo Bay]] and measures about {{convert|90|km|abbr=on}} east to west and {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} north to south. The average elevation in Tokyo is {{convert|40|m|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Tokyo, Japan |url=http://population.mongabay.com/population/japan/1850147/tokyo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121222042/http://population.mongabay.com/population/japan/1850147/tokyo |archive-date=January 21, 2012 |access-date=February 10, 2012 |website=Mongabay}}</ref> [[Chiba Prefecture]] borders it to the east, [[Yamanashi Prefecture|Yamanashi]] to the west, [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]] to the south, and [[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]] to the north. Mainland Tokyo is further subdivided into the special wards (occupying the eastern half) and the Tama area ({{Nihongo2|多摩地域}}) stretching westwards. Tokyo has a [[latitude]] of 35.65 (near the [[36th parallel north]]), which makes it more southern than [[Rome]] (41.90), [[New York City]] (40.71) and [[Beijing]] (39.91).<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2020 |title=Tokyo, Japan Geographic Information |url=http://www.latlong.net/place/tokyo-japan-8040.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914042600/http://www.latlong.net/place/tokyo-japan-8040.html |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=Latlong.net}}</ref>

Within the administrative boundaries of Tokyo Metropolis are two island chains in the Pacific Ocean directly south: the [[Izu Islands]], and the [[Ogasawara Islands]], which stretch more than {{convert|1000|km|abbr=on}} away from the mainland. Because of these islands and the mountainous regions to the west, Tokyo's overall population density figures far under-represent the real figures for the urban and suburban regions of Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2015 |title=Population of Tokyo – Tokyo Metropolitan Government |url=https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/HISTORY/history03.htm#:~:text=With%20a%20population%20density%20of,average%201.94%20persons%20per%20household. |access-date=September 7, 2020 |website=www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp |archive-date=March 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320031750/https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/HISTORY/history03.htm#:~:text=With%20a%20population%20density%20of,average%201.94%20persons%20per%20household. |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Climate===
The former city of Tokyo and the majority of Tokyo prefecture lie in the [[humid subtropical climate]] zone ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Cfa''),<ref>Peel, M.C., Finlayson, B.L., and McMahon, T.A.: [http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210144308/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |date=February 10, 2017 }}, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1633–1644, 2007.</ref> with hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters with occasional cold spells. The region, like much of Japan, experiences a one-month [[seasonal lag]]. The warmest month is August, which averages {{convert|26.9|C|1}}. The coolest month is January, averaging {{convert|5.4|C|1}}. The record low temperature was {{convert|-9.2|°C|1|abbr=on}} on January 13, 1876. The record high was {{convert|39.5|°C|1|abbr=on}} on July 20, 2004.
The record highest low temperature is {{convert|30.3|°C|1|abbr=on}}, on August 12, 2013, making Tokyo one of only seven observation sites in Japan that have recorded a low temperature over {{convert|30|°C|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="JMArecords" />

Annual rainfall averages nearly {{convert|1600|mm|in|1|sp=us}}, with a wetter summer and a drier winter. The growing season in Tokyo lasts for about 322 days from around mid-February to early January.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://weatherspark.com/y/143809/Average-Weather-in-Tokyo-Japan-Year-Round|title=Average Weather in Tokyo, Japan, Year Round - Weather Spark}}</ref> Snowfall is sporadic and occurs almost annually.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,Tokyo,Japan |title=Tokyo observes latest ever 1st snowfall |access-date=June 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070319230142/http://asia.news.yahoo.com/070316/kyodo/d8nsv0600.html |archive-date=March 19, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tokyo often sees typhoons every year, though few are strong. The wettest month since records began in 1876 was October 2004, with {{convert|780|mm|in|-1|sp=us}} of rain,<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=19&prec_ch=%8B%FA%98H%8Ex%92%A1&block_no=47662&block_ch=%8B%FA%98H&year=&month=&day=&elm=rank&view= |script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値） |access-date=December 4, 2011 |archive-date=April 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411053053/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=19&prec_ch=%8B%FA%98H%8Ex%92%A1&block_no=47662&block_ch=%8B%FA%98H&year=&month=&day=&elm=rank&view= |url-status=live }}</ref> including {{convert|270.5|mm|abbr=on}} on the ninth of that month.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=19&prec_ch=%8B%FA%98H%8Ex%92%A1&block_no=47662&block_ch=%8B%FA%98H&year=&month=10&day=&view= |script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（10月としての値） |access-date=December 4, 2011 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124172153/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=19&prec_ch=%8B%FA%98H%8Ex%92%A1&block_no=47662&block_ch=%8B%FA%98H&year=&month=10&day=&view= |url-status=live }}</ref> The most recent of four months on record to observe no precipitation is December 1995.<ref name="JMArecords" /> Annual precipitation has ranged from {{convert|879.5|mm|abbr=on}} in 1984 to {{convert|2229.6|mm|abbr=on}} in 1938.<ref name="JMArecords" />
{{Clear}}
{{Weather box
| location = [[Kitanomaru Park]], [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]], Tokyo (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1875–present)<ref name="JMA station info">The JMA {{Nihongo|Tokyo, Tokyo|東京都 東京}} station is at 35°41.4{{prime}}N 139°45.6{{prime}}E, JMA: {{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/select/prefecture.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47662&year=&month=&day=&view= |script-title=ja:気象統計情報 過去の気象データ検索>都道府県の選択>地点の選択 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |access-date=November 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001125240/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/select/prefecture.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47662&year=&month=&day=&view= |archive-date=October 1, 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=47662&ano=2023&mes=11&day=8&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30|title= 47662: Tokyo (Japan)|author= <!--Not stated-->|date= November 7, 2023|website= ogimet.com|publisher= OGIMET|access-date= November 7, 2023|quote= |archive-date= November 8, 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231108004916/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=47662&ano=2023&mes=11&day=8&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30|url-status= live}}</ref>
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 22.6
| Feb record high C = 24.9
| Mar record high C = 28.1
| Apr record high C = 29.2
| May record high C = 32.6
| Jun record high C = 36.4
| Jul record high C = 39.5
| Aug record high C = 39.1
| Sep record high C = 38.1
| Oct record high C = 32.6
| Nov record high C = 27.5
| Dec record high C = 24.8
| Jan record low C = -9.2
| Feb record low C = -7.9
| Mar record low C = -5.6
| Apr record low C = -3.1
| May record low C = 2.2
| Jun record low C = 8.5
| Jul record low C = 13.0
| Aug record low C = 15.4
| Sep record low C = 10.5
| Oct record low C = -0.5
| Nov record low C = -3.1
| Dec record low C = -6.8
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 59.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 56.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 116.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 133.7
| May precipitation mm = 139.7
| Jun precipitation mm = 167.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 156.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 154.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 224.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 234.8
| Nov precipitation mm = 96.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 57.9
| year precipitation mm = 1598.2
| Jan mean C = 5.4
| Feb mean C = 6.1
| Mar mean C = 9.4
| Apr mean C = 14.3
| May mean C = 18.8
| Jun mean C = 21.9
| Jul mean C = 25.7
| Aug mean C = 26.9
| Sep mean C = 23.3
| Oct mean C = 18.0
| Nov mean C = 12.5
| Dec mean C = 7.7
| year mean C = 15.8
| Jan high C = 9.8
| Feb high C = 10.9
| Mar high C = 14.2
| Apr high C = 19.4
| May high C = 23.6
| Jun high C = 26.1
| Jul high C = 29.9
| Aug high C = 31.3
| Sep high C = 27.5
| Oct high C = 22.0
| Nov high C = 16.7
| Dec high C = 12.0
| year high C = 20.3
| Jan low C = 1.2
| Feb low C = 2.1
| Mar low C = 5.0
| Apr low C = 9.8
| May low C = 14.6
| Jun low C = 18.5
| Jul low C = 22.4
| Aug low C = 23.5
| Sep low C = 20.3
| Oct low C = 14.8
| Nov low C = 8.8
| Dec low C = 3.8
| year low C = 12.1
| Jan humidity = 51
| Feb humidity = 52
| Mar humidity = 57
| Apr humidity = 62
| May humidity = 68
| Jun humidity = 75
| Jul humidity = 76
| Aug humidity = 74
| Sep humidity = 75
| Oct humidity = 71
| Nov humidity = 64
| Dec humidity = 56
| year humidity = 65
| Jan percentsun = 61
| Feb percentsun = 56
| Mar percentsun = 47
| Apr percentsun = 45
| May percentsun = 41
| Jun percentsun = 30
| Jul percentsun = 34
| Aug percentsun = 42
| Sep percentsun = 34
| Oct percentsun = 37
| Nov percentsun = 48
| Dec percentsun = 57
| Jan sun = 192.6
| Feb sun = 170.4
| Mar sun = 175.3
| Apr sun = 178.8
| May sun = 179.6
| Jun sun = 124.2
| Jul sun = 151.4
| Aug sun = 174.2
| Sep sun = 126.7
| Oct sun = 129.4
| Nov sun = 149.8
| Dec sun = 174.4
| year sun = 1926.7
| Jan snow cm = 4
| Feb snow cm = 4
| Mar snow cm = 0
| Apr snow cm = 0
| May snow cm = 0
| Jun snow cm = 0
| Jul snow cm = 0
| Aug snow cm = 0
| Sep snow cm = 0
| Oct snow cm = 0
| Nov snow cm = 0
| Dec snow cm = 0
| year snow cm = 8
| unit precipitation days = 0.5 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 5.3
| Feb precipitation days = 6.1
| Mar precipitation days = 10.3
| Apr precipitation days = 10.9
| May precipitation days = 11.1
| Jun precipitation days = 12.8
| Jul precipitation days = 12.0
| Aug precipitation days = 9.4
| Sep precipitation days = 12.3
| Oct precipitation days = 11.8
| Nov precipitation days = 8.2
| Dec precipitation days = 5.8
| year precipitation days = 116.0
| Jan uv = 2
| Feb uv = 3
| Mar uv = 5
| Apr uv = 7
| May uv = 9
| Jun uv = 10
| Jul uv = 10
| Aug uv = 9
| Sep uv = 7
| Oct uv = 5
| Nov uv = 3
| Dec uv = 2
| Jan dew point C = -5
| Feb dew point C = -4
| Mar dew point C = 1
| Apr dew point C = 8
| May dew point C = 13
| Jun dew point C = 18
| Jul dew point C = 22
| Aug dew point C = 23
| Sep dew point C = 19
| Oct dew point C = 12
| Nov dew point C = 6
| Dec dew point C = -1
| source 1 = Japan Meteorological Agency<ref name= JMA>
{{cite web| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=44&prec_ch=%93%8C%8B%9E%93s&block_no=47662&block_ch=%93%8C%8B%9E&year=&month=&day=&elm=normal&view=| script-title = ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]| language = ja| access-date =May 19, 2021| archive-url = http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160518045837/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=44&prec_ch=%93%8C%8B%9E%93s&block_no=47662&block_ch=%93%8C%8B%9E&year=&month=&day=&elm=normal&view=| archive-date =May 18, 2016| url-status=live}}
</ref><ref name= JMA1>{{cite web| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47662&year=&month=&day=&view=a1| script-title = ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]| language = ja| access-date =December 16, 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141102120042/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47662&year=&month=&day=&view=a1| archive-date =November 2, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref><ref name= JMArecords>{{cite web| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47662&year=&month=13&day=&view=| script-title = ja:観測史上1～10位の値（ 年間を通じての値）| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]| language = ja| access-date =May 19, 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181001125303/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47662&year=&month=13&day=&view=| archive-date = October 1, 2018| url-status=live}}</ref>
| source 2 = Weather Atlas (UV),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/japan/tokyo-climate|title=Tokyo, Japan - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=July 9, 2019|archive-date=July 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709164156/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/japan/tokyo-climate|url-status=live}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 1985–2015)<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/japan/tokyo/climate
|title = Climate & Weather Averages in Tokyo
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date =August 7, 2022}}</ref>
| source = 
| collapsed = Y
}}
<div style="width: 80%;"></div>
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table=Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Tokyo.tab
| title=Tokyo temperature
}}

Tokyo's climate has warmed significantly since temperature records began in 1876.
{{Weather box
| location = Tokyo, 1876–1905 normals
| single line = Y
| metric first = Y
| Jan high C = 8.3
| Feb high C = 8.7
| Mar high C = 11.9
| Apr high C = 17.2
| May high C = 21.1
| Jun high C = 24.5
| Jul high C = 28.1
| Aug high C = 29.8
| Sep high C = 26.1
| Oct high C = 20.5
| Nov high C = 15.5
| Dec high C = 11.0
| year high C = 18.6
| Jan mean C = 2.9
| Feb mean C = 3.6
| Mar mean C = 6.9
| Apr mean C = 12.4
| May mean C = 16.6
| Jun mean C = 20.5
| Jul mean C = 24.1
| Aug mean C = 25.5
| Sep mean C = 22.1
| Oct mean C = 15.9
| Nov mean C = 10.2
| Dec mean C = 5.3
| year mean C = 13.8
| Jan low C = -1.7
| Feb low C = -0.9
| Mar low C = 2.0
| Apr low C = 7.6
| May low C = 12.0
| Jun low C = 16.8
| Jul low C = 20.8
| Aug low C = 21.9
| Sep low C = 18.6
| Oct low C = 11.9
| Nov low C = 5.4
| Dec low C = 0.4
| year low C = 9.6
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 55.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 72.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 111.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 129.1
| May precipitation mm = 151.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 166.3
| Jul precipitation mm = 139.7
| Aug precipitation mm = 114.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 203.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 184.1
| Nov precipitation mm = 104.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 58.7
| Jan sun = 186.7
| Feb sun = 178.5
| Mar sun = 174.1
| Apr sun = 183.1
| May sun = 204.8
| Jun sun = 158.5
| Jul sun = 183.9
| Aug sun = 207.0
| Sep sun = 142.8
| Oct sun = 144.0
| Nov sun = 167.4
| Dec sun = 190.8
| source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/monthly_s3_en.php?block_no=47662&view=3|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Station Name: TOKYO WMO Station ID: 47662|access-date=July 7, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710213959/https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/monthly_s3_en.php?block_no=47662&view=3|url-status=live}}</ref>
| source = 
| collapsed = Y
}}

The western mountainous area of mainland Tokyo, [[Okutama]] also lies in the humid subtropical climate (Köppen classification: ''Cfa'').

{{Weather box
| location = Ogouchi, Okutama, Tokyo, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1875–present
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 17.8
| Feb record high C = 20.9
| Mar record high C = 22.9
| Apr record high C = 30.6
| May record high C = 33.0
| Jun record high C = 34.3
| Jul record high C = 36.3
| Aug record high C = 36.4
| Sep record high C = 35.0
| Oct record high C = 30.2
| Nov record high C = 23.8
| Dec record high C = 22.8
| Jan high C = 6.8
| Feb high C = 7.6
| Mar high C = 10.9
| Apr high C = 16.5
| May high C = 21.1
| Jun high C = 23.4
| Jul high C = 27.4
| Aug high C = 28.5
| Sep high C = 24.3
| Oct high C = 18.8
| Nov high C = 14.0
| Dec high C = 9.3
| year high C = 17.4
| Jan mean C = 1.5
| Feb mean C = 2.2
| Mar mean C = 5.5
| Apr mean C = 10.8
| May mean C = 15.6
| Jun mean C = 18.9
| Jul mean C = 22.6
| Aug mean C = 23.5
| Sep mean C = 19.8
| Oct mean C = 14.3
| Nov mean C = 8.8
| Dec mean C = 3.9
| year mean C = 12.3
| Jan low C = −2.4
| Feb low C = −1.9
| Mar low C = 1.0
| Apr low C = 5.8
| May low C = 10.9
| Jun low C = 15.3
| Jul low C = 19.3
| Aug low C = 20.1
| Sep low C = 16.6
| Oct low C = 10.9
| Nov low C = 5.0
| Dec low C = 0.1
| year low C = 8.4
| Jan record low C = -9.3
| Feb record low C = -11.6
| Mar record low C = -8.1
| Apr record low C = -3.8
| May record low C = 0.7
| Jun record low C = 7.5
| Jul record low C = 12.4
| Aug record low C = 13.2
| Sep record low C = 6.2
| Oct record low C = 1.0
| Nov record low C = -2.1
| Dec record low C = -6.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 49.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 45.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 88.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 106.3
| May precipitation mm = 118.7
| Jun precipitation mm = 163.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 205.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 217.4
| Sep precipitation mm = 270.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 215.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 68.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 43.7
| year precipitation mm = 1608.0
| Jan sun = 206.5
| Feb sun = 187.7
| Mar sun = 173.0
| Apr sun = 178.4
| May sun = 172.2
| Jun sun = 104.2
| Jul sun = 124.8
| Aug sun = 144.6
| Sep sun = 104.5
| Oct sun = 128.7
| Nov sun = 164.5
| Dec sun = 186.5
| year sun = 1874.6
| source 1 = Japan Meteorological Agency<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=44&block_no=0365&year=&month=&day=&view=| script-title = ja:気象庁 / 気象統計情報 / 過去の気象データ検索 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]| access-date = September 7, 2021| archive-date = March 30, 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130330185740/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=44&block_no=0365&year=&month=&day=&view=| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47971&year=&month=&day=&view=h0| script-title = ja:観測史上1～10位の値-小河内（東京都）| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]| access-date = September 7, 2021| archive-date = July 24, 2024| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240724234058/https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47971&year=&month=&day=&view=h0| url-status = live}}</ref>
| date = March 2021
| source = 
| collapsed = Y
}}

The climates of Tokyo's offshore territories vary significantly from those of the city. The climate of [[Chichijima]] in [[Ogasawara, Tokyo|Ogasawara village]] is on the boundary between the [[tropical savanna climate]] (Köppen classification: ''Aw'') and the [[tropical rainforest climate]] (Köppen classification: ''Af''). It is approximately {{cvt|1,000.|km}} south of the [[Greater Tokyo Area]], resulting in much different climatic conditions.
{{Weather box
| location = Chichijima, Ogasawara, Tokyo, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1896–present
| single line = Y
| metric first = Y
| Jan record high C = 26.1
| Feb record high C = 25.4
| Mar record high C = 26.7
| Apr record high C = 28.4
| May record high C = 30.1
| Jun record high C = 33.0
| Jul record high C = 34.1
| Aug record high C = 33.7
| Sep record high C = 33.1
| Oct record high C = 32.1
| Nov record high C = 30.2
| Dec record high C = 27.5
| Jan high C = 20.7
| Feb high C = 20.5
| Mar high C = 21.7
| Apr high C = 23.4
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 28.5
| Jul high C = 30.4
| Aug high C = 30.3
| Sep high C = 29.9
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 25.9
| Dec high C = 22.7
| year high C = 25.7
| Jan mean C = 18.5
| Feb mean C = 18.1
| Mar mean C = 19.3
| Apr mean C = 21.1
| May mean C = 23.4
| Jun mean C = 26.2
| Jul mean C = 27.7
| Aug mean C = 28.0
| Sep mean C = 27.7
| Oct mean C = 26.4
| Nov mean C = 23.8
| Dec mean C = 20.6
| year mean C = 23.4
| Jan low C = 15.8
| Feb low C = 15.4
| Mar low C = 16.8
| Apr low C = 18.8
| May low C = 21.4
| Jun low C = 24.4
| Jul low C = 25.6
| Aug low C = 26.1
| Sep low C = 25.7
| Oct low C = 24.4
| Nov low C = 21.6
| Dec low C = 18.2
| year low C = 21.2
| Jan record low C = 8.9
| Feb record low C = 7.8
| Mar record low C = 9.2
| Apr record low C = 10.7
| May record low C = 13.9
| Jun record low C = 17.7
| Jul record low C = 20.8
| Aug record low C = 22.2
| Sep record low C = 19.6
| Oct record low C = 17.2
| Nov record low C = 13.2
| Dec record low C = 10.8
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 63.6
| Feb rain mm = 51.6
| Mar rain mm = 75.8
| Apr rain mm = 113.3
| May rain mm = 151.9
| Jun rain mm = 111.8
| Jul rain mm = 79.5
| Aug rain mm = 123.3
| Sep rain mm = 144.2
| Oct rain mm = 141.7
| Nov rain mm = 136.1
| Dec rain mm = 103.3
| Jan humidity = 66
| Feb humidity = 68
| Mar humidity = 72
| Apr humidity = 79
| May humidity = 84
| Jun humidity = 86
| Jul humidity = 82
| Aug humidity = 82
| Sep humidity = 82
| Oct humidity = 81
| Nov humidity = 76
| Dec humidity = 70
| Jan rain days = 11.0
| Feb rain days = 8.5
| Mar rain days = 9.8
| Apr rain days = 10.0
| May rain days = 11.8
| Jun rain days = 8.8
| Jul rain days = 8.6
| Aug rain days = 11.3
| Sep rain days = 13.4
| Oct rain days = 13.7
| Nov rain days = 12.0
| Dec rain days = 11.2
| unit rain days = 0.5 mm
| Jan sun = 131.3
| Feb sun = 138.3
| Mar sun = 159.2
| Apr sun = 148.3
| May sun = 151.8
| Jun sun = 205.6
| Jul sun = 246.8
| Aug sun = 213.7
| Sep sun = 197.7
| Oct sun = 173.2
| Nov sun = 139.1
| Dec sun = 125.3
| source 1 = Japan Meteorological Agency<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47971&year=&month=&day=&view=p1 |script-title=ja:平年値（年・月ごとの値） |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |language=ja |access-date=December 31, 2021 |archive-date=April 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416091354/https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47971&year=&month=&day=&view=p1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47971&year=&month=&day=&view=h0| script-title = ja:観測史上1～10位の値-父島（東京都）| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency| access-date = September 7, 2021| archive-date = September 7, 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210907234829/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47971&year=&month=&day=&view=h0| url-status = live}}</ref>
| source = 
| collapsed = Y
}}

Tokyo's easternmost territory, the island of [[Minamitorishima]] in [[Ogasawara, Tokyo|Ogasawara village]], is in the tropical savanna climate zone (Köppen classification: ''Aw''). Tokyo's Izu and Ogasawara islands are affected by an average of 5.4 typhoons a year, compared to 3.1 in mainland Kantō.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/typhoon/statistics/average/average.html |script-title=ja:気象統計情報 / 天気予報・台風 / 過去の台風資料 / 台風の統計資料 / 台風の平年値 |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |access-date=August 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607022806/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/typhoon/statistics/average/average.html |archive-date=June 7, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Natural disasters ===

==== Earthquakes ====
[[File:Yurakucho after Great Kanto earthquake.JPG|right|thumb|The [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake|Great Kanto Earthquake]] in 1923 killed more than 100,000 citizens in Tokyo.]]
Tokyo is near the [[Boso triple junction|boundary of three plates]], making it an extremely active region for smaller quakes and [[Slow earthquake|slippage]] which frequently affect the urban area with swaying as if in a boat, although epicenters within mainland Tokyo (excluding Tokyo's {{cvt|2,000.|km}}–long island jurisdiction) are quite rare. It is not uncommon in the metro area to have hundreds of these minor quakes (magnitudes 4–6) that can be felt in a single year, something residents merely brush off but can be a source of anxiety not only for foreign visitors but for Japanese from elsewhere as well. They rarely cause much damage (sometimes a few injuries) as they are either too small or far away as quakes tend to dance around the region. Particularly active are offshore regions and to a lesser extent [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]] and [[Ibaraki Prefecture|Ibaraki]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Matsu'ura |first=Ritsuko S. |date=January 28, 2017 |title=A short history of Japanese historical seismology: past and the present |journal=Geoscience Letters |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=3 |bibcode=2017GSL.....4....3M |doi=10.1186/s40562-017-0069-4 |via=BioMed Central |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Tokyo has been hit by powerful [[megathrust]] earthquakes in 1703, 1782, 1812, 1855, 1923, and much more indirectly (with some [[soil liquefaction|liquefaction]] in landfill zones) in [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|2011]];<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grunewald |first1=Elliot D. |last2=Stein |first2=Ross S. |year=2006 |title=A New 1649–1884 Catalog of Destructive Earthquakes near Tokyo and Implications for the Long-term Seismic Process |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |volume=111 |issue=B12 |pages=B12306 |bibcode=2006JGRB..11112306G |doi=10.1029/2005JB004059 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A new probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for greater Tokyo |url=http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/reports/reprints/Stein_PRSLA_364.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025030342/http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/reports/reprints/Stein_PRSLA_364.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2007 |access-date=October 14, 2007 |website=U.S. Geological Survey}}</ref> the frequency of direct and large quakes is a relative rarity. The [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake|1923 earthquake]], with an estimated magnitude of 7.9, killed more than 100,000 people, the last time the urban area was directly hit.<ref>{{Cite news |title=関東大震災から100年「防災の日」に各地で慰霊や訓練 |trans-title=Memorials and drills held across Japan on Disaster Prevention Day, 100 years after the Great Kanto Earthquake |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20230901/k10014180721000.html |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=NHK |date=1 September 2023 |language=ja |archive-date=June 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629041006/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20230901/k10014180721000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tokyo braces for another 'big one' on 100th anniversary of deadly quake |language=en |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/01/tokyo-braces-for-another-big-one-on-100th-anniversary-of-deadly-quake |access-date=28 June 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=31 August 2023 |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724234631/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/01/tokyo-braces-for-another-big-one-on-100th-anniversary-of-deadly-quake |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Japan marks 100 years since the devastating Great Kanto Quake, with disaster drills nationwide |language=en |url=https://apnews.com/article/japan-tokyo-quake-centennial-disaster-drills-64e84452dacfec3b7b6024b107b1a77d |access-date=28 June 2024 |work=AP |date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629041005/https://apnews.com/article/japan-tokyo-quake-centennial-disaster-drills-64e84452dacfec3b7b6024b107b1a77d |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Volcanic eruptions ====
[[File:宝永大噴火を描いた絵図「夜ルの景気」(静岡県沼津市土屋博氏所蔵).jpg|thumb|[[Mount Fuji]] has posed the primary volcanic threat to Tokyo's citizens for centuries.]]
[[Mount Fuji]] is about {{cvt|100|km|mi}} southwest of Tokyo. There is a low risk of eruption. The last recorded was the [[Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji|Hōei eruption]] which started on December 16, 1707, and ended about January 1, 1708 (16 days).<ref name="ShizuokaUni">{{cite web |author=Masato Oyama |date=March 2007 |script-title=ja:宝永四年（1707）噴火 (1707 Eruption) |url=http://sk01.ed.shizuoka.ac.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1707.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812141355/http://sk01.ed.shizuoka.ac.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1707.html |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2008 |publisher=Shizuoka University |language=ja |script-work=ja:富士山歴史噴火総解説 (Database of eruptions and other activities of Fuji Volcano, Japan, based on historical records since AD 781)}}</ref> During the Hōei eruption, the ash amount was 4&nbsp;cm in southern Tokyo (bay area) and 2&nbsp;cm to 0.5&nbsp;cm in central Tokyo.<ref name="Hoei-eruption-map">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Volcanic-ash-downfall_map_of_Mt.Fuji_Hoei-eruption01.jpg {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818054657/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Volcanic-ash-downfall_map_of_Mt.Fuji_Hoei-eruption01.jpg |date=August 18, 2021 }} Ashfall distribution map for examining disaster prevention measures (Mt. Fuji Hoei eruption)</ref> [[Kanagawa]] had 16&nbsp;cm to 8&nbsp;cm ash and [[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]] 0.5 to 0&nbsp;cm.<ref name="Hoei-eruption-map" /> If the wind blows north-east it could send [[volcanic ash]] to Tokyo metropolis.<ref name="fuji-eruption">{{cite web |title=Mt Fuji eruption could cripple Tokyo | date=March 31, 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJjugxAdPYQ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108023355/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJjugxAdPYQ |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |publisher=Nippon TV News 24 Japan |via=YouTube}}</ref> According to the government, less than a millimeter of the volcanic ash from a Mount Fuji eruption could cause power grid problems such as blackouts and stop trains in the Tokyo metropolitan area.<ref name="fuji-eruption" /> A mixture of ash with rain could stick to cellphone antennas and power lines and cause temporary power outages.<ref name="fuji-eruption" /> The affected areas would need to be evacuated.<ref name="fuji-eruption" />

==== Floods ====
[[File:Tokyoflood.jpg|left|thumb|The Great Flood of August 1910, [[Taitō|Taito]]]]
Tokyo is located on the [[Kantō Plain]] with five river systems and dozens of rivers that expand during each season.<ref name="flood-protection">{{cite web |date=November 29, 2018 |title=The underground cathedral protecting Tokyo from floods |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20181129-the-underground-cathedral-protecting-tokyo-from-floods |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108092638/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20181129-the-underground-cathedral-protecting-tokyo-from-floods |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |website=BBC}}</ref> Important rivers are [[Edo River|Edogawa]], [[Naka River (Saitama Tokyo)|Nakagawa]], [[Arakawa River (Kantō)|Arakawa]], [[Kanda River|Kandagawa]], [[Meguro River|Megurogawa]] and [[Tama River|Tamagawa]].<ref name="flood-tokyo">{{cite web |date=February 28, 2020 |title=Floods in Tokyo and Safety Tips and Preparation |url=https://www.realestate-tokyo.com/living-in-tokyo/emergency-disaster/flood-in-tokyo-japan/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814012652/https://www.realestate-tokyo.com/living-in-tokyo/emergency-disaster/flood-in-tokyo-japan/ |archive-date=August 14, 2020 |website=Plaza Homes}}</ref> In 1947, [[Typhoon Kathleen]] struck Tokyo, destroying 31,000 homes and killing 1,100 people.<ref name="flood-protection" /> In 1958, [[Typhoon Ida (1958)|Typhoon Ida]] dropped {{convert|400|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain in a single week, causing streets to flood.<ref name="flood-protection" /> In the 1950s and 1960s, the [[Government of Japan|government]] invested 6–7% of the national budget on disaster and risk reduction.<ref name="flood-protection" /> A huge system of dams, levees, and tunnels was constructed.<ref name="flood-protection" /> The purpose is to manage heavy rain, [[typhoon|typhonic]] rain, and river floods.<ref name="flood-protection" />[[File:Geofront_Temple^_首都圏外郭放水路_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|The [[Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel|MAOUDC]] is the world's largest underground floodwater diversion facility.]]Tokyo has currently the world's largest underground floodwater diversion facility called the [[Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel]] (MAOUDC).<ref name="maoudc">{{cite web |title=Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel |url=http://www.afar.com/places/metropolitan-area-outer-underground-discharge-channel-kasukabe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914132022/https://www.afar.com/places/metropolitan-area-outer-underground-discharge-channel-kasukabe |archive-date=September 14, 2018 |access-date=January 10, 2015}}</ref><ref name="flood-protection" /> It took 13 years to build and was completed in 2006. The MAOUDC is a {{convert|6.3|km|mi|abbr=on}} long system of tunnels, {{convert|22|m|ft|sp=us}} underground, with {{convert|70|m|ft|sp=us|adj=on}} tall cylindrical tanks, each tank being large enough to fit a space shuttle or the Statue of Liberty.<ref name="flood-protection" /> During floods, excess water is collected from rivers and drained to the [[Edo River]].<ref name="flood-tokyo" /> Low-lying areas of [[Kōtō]], [[Edogawa, Tokyo|Edogawa]], [[Sumida, Tokyo|Sumida]], [[Katsushika]], [[Taitō]] and [[Arakawa, Tokyo|Arakawa]] near the [[Arakawa River (Kanto)|Arakawa River]] are most at risk of flooding.<ref name="flood-tokyo" />

=== Architecture ===
{{See also|Architecture of Tokyo}}Tokyo's buildings are too diverse to be characterized by any specific architectural style, but it can be generally said that a majority of extant structures were built in the past hundred years.<ref name="spatial">Hidenobu Jinnai. ''Tokyo: A Spatial Anthropology''. University of California Press (1995), [https://books.google.com/books?id=LT3C3PQGt-IC&pg=PA1 pp. 1–3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101181809/https://books.google.com/books?id=LT3C3PQGt-IC&pg=PA1&sig=Nt5t1_CL_B8kcncWgb93-B4h6dQ |date=January 1, 2016 }}. {{ISBN|0-520-07135-2}}.</ref> Twice in recent history has the metropolis been left in ruins: first in the [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake]] and later after [[Bombing of Tokyo|extensive firebombing in World War II]].<ref name="spatial" />

==== Early modern (1407–1868) ====
{{multiple image
| total_width       = 400
| align             = right
| direction         = horizontal
| header            = Extant pre-17th century structures in Tokyo
| image1            = Shofuku-ji main hall (1) 2023-09-10.jpg
| caption1          = [[Shōfuku-ji (Higashimurayama)|Shōfuku-ji]], built in 1407
| image3            = KokyoFushimiYaguraM1070.jpg
| caption3          = A lookout tower at the [[Tokyo Imperial Palace|Imperial Palace]], formerly [[Edo Castle]]
}}
The oldest known extant building in Tokyo is [[Shōfuku-ji (Higashimurayama)|Shofukuji]] in [[Higashimurayama, Tokyo|Higashi-Murayama]]. The current building was constructed in 1407, during the [[Muromachi period]] (1336–1573).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jizodo at Shofuku-ji Temple {{!}} July 2020 {{!}} Highlighting Japan |url=https://www.gov-online.go.jp/eng/publicity/book/hlj/html/202007/202007_13_en.html |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=www.gov-online.go.jp |archive-date=December 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205051812/https://www.gov-online.go.jp/eng/publicity/book/hlj/html/202007/202007_13_en.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Although greatly reduced in number by later fires, earthquakes, and air raids, a considerable number of Edo-era buildings survive to this day. The [[Tokyo Imperial Palace]], which was occupied by the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa Shogunate]] as [[Edo Castle]] during the [[Edo period|Edo Period]] (1603–1868), has many gates and towers dating from that era, although the main palace buildings and the [[Tenshu|tenshu tower]] have been lost.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Edo Castle |url=https://www.env.go.jp/garden/kokyogaien/english/former_edo_castle.html |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=The National Environmental Research and Training Institute(NGP) |language=en |archive-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621162436/https://www.env.go.jp/garden/kokyogaien/english/former_edo_castle.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Numerous temple and shrine buildings in Tokyo date from this era: the [[Ueno Tōshō-gū|Ueno Toshogu]] still maintains the original 1651 building built by the third shogun [[Tokugawa Iemitsu|Iemitsu Tokugawa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ueno Toshogu Website |url=https://www.uenotoshogu.com/en/ |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=上野東照宮公式ホームページ |language=en |archive-date=February 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214142549/https://www.uenotoshogu.com/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Although partially destroyed during the Second World War, [[Zōjō-ji|Zojo-ji]], which houses the Tokugawa family mausoleum, still has grand Edo-era buildings such as the Sangedatsu gate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=大本山 増上寺 |url=https://www.zojoji.or.jp/ |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=www.zojoji.or.jp |language=ja |archive-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621120940/https://www.zojoji.or.jp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kan'ei-ji|Kaneiji]] has grand 17th-century buildings such as the five-storey pagoda and the Shimizudo. The [[Nezu Shrine]] and [[Gokoku-ji|Gokokuji]] were built by the fifth shogun [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi|Tsunayoshi Tokugawa]] in the late 1600s. All feudal lords ([[daimyo]]) had large Edo houses where they stayed when in Edo; at one point, these houses amounted to half the total area of Edo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=香原斗志 |date=2021-07-13 |title=五輪で世界の目が集まる東京に残る、訪れるべき江戸の名建築、私的ベストテン──東京でみつける江戸 最終回 |url=https://www.gqjapan.jp/lifestyle/article/20210713-edo-30 |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=GQ JAPAN |language=ja-JP |archive-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621162451/https://www.gqjapan.jp/lifestyle/article/20210713-edo-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> None of the grand Edo-era daimyo houses still exist in Tokyo, as their vast land footprint made them easy targets for redevelopment programs for modernization during the [[Meiji era|Meiji Period]]. Some gardens were immune from such fates and are today open to the public; [[Hama-rikyū Gardens|Hamarikyu]] ([[Kōfu Domain|Kofu Tokugawa family]]), [[Kyū Shiba Rikyū Garden|Shibarikyu]] ([[Kishū Tokugawa family|Kishu Tokugawa family]]), [[Koishikawa-Kōrakuen|Koishikawa Korakuen]] ([[Mito Tokugawa family]]), [[Rikugi-en Gardens|Rikugien]] ([[Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu|Yanagisawa family]]), and [[Higo Hosokawa Garden]] ([[Hosokawa clan|Hosokawa family]]). The [[Akamon (Tokyo)|Akamon]], which is now widely seen as a symbol of the [[University of Tokyo]], was originally built to commemorate the marriage of a shogun's daughter into the [[Maeda clan]], one of the most affluent of the feudal lords, while the campus itself occupies their former edo estate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The University of Tokyo |url=https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/whyutokyo/hongo_hi_007.html |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=The University of Tokyo |language=en |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724235353/https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/whyutokyo/hongo_hi_007.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{wide image|Edo Panorama old Tokyo color photochrom.jpg|1200px|Edo, 1865 or 1866. [[Photochrom]] print. Five albumen prints joined to form a panorama. Photographer: [[Felice Beato]].}}

==== Modern (1869–1945) ====
{{multiple image
| total_width       = 400
| align             = right
| direction         = horizontal
| header            = Extant brick or stone buildings in Tokyo
| image1            = Akasaka Palace 6.jpg
| caption1          = [[Akasaka Palace|Akasaka State Guest House]], originally the Crown Prince's residence, built in 1909
| image3            = Tokyo Station Marunouchi Building P5228723.jpg
| caption3          = [[Tokyo Station]], built in 1914
}}

The [[Meiji era]] saw a rapid modernization in architectural styles as well; until the [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake|Great Kanto Earthquake]] in 1923 exposed their weakness to seismic shocks, grand brick buildings were constantly built across the city. [[Tokyo Station]] (1914), the [[Old Ministry of Justice Building|Ministry of Justice building]] (1895), the [[International Library of Children's Literature]] (1906), and [[Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum, Tokyo|Mistubishi building one]] (1894, rebuilt in 2010) are some of the few brick survivors from this period. It was regarded as fashionable by some members of the [[Kazoku|Japanese aristocracy]] to build their Tokyo residences in grand and modern styles, and some of these buildings still exist, although most are in private hands and open to the public on limited occasions. Aristocratic residences today open to the public include the [[Komaba Park|Marquess Maeda residence]] in [[Komaba]], the [[Kyū-Iwasaki-tei Garden|Baron Iwasaki residence]] in Ikenohata, and the [[Kyū-Furukawa Gardens|Baron Furukawa residence]] in Nishigahara.

{{multiple image
| total_width       = 400
| align             = right
| direction         = horizontal
| header            = Extant concrete buildings from the interwar period
| image1            = Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company Head Office 2012.JPG
| caption1          = [[Meiji Seimei Kan|Meiji Insurance Headquarters]], completed in 1934
| image3            = 
| caption3          = 
| image2            = National Diet Building 02.jpg
| caption2          = [[National Diet Building]], built between 1920 and 1936
}}

The Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 ushered in an era of concrete architecture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=岩淵水門が示した「コンクリートの威力」 |url=https://www.ara-amoa.com/arakawa100th/special-event/ |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=荒川知水資料館 amoa |language=ja-JP}}</ref> Surviving reinforced concrete buildings from this era include the [[Meiji Seimei Kan|Meiji Insurance Headquarters]] (completed in 1934), the Mitsui Headquarters (1929), [[Mitsukoshi|Mitsukoshi Nihonbashi flagship store]] (1914, refurbished in 1925), [[Takashimaya|Takashimaya Nihonbashi flagship store]] (1932), [[Wako (retailer)|Wako]] in Ginza (1932) and [[Isetan|Isetan Shinjuku flagship store]] (1933). This spread of earthquake and fire-resistant architecture reached council housing too, most notably the [[Dōjunkai|Dōjunkai apartments]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02665433.2016.1160326 | doi=10.1080/02665433.2016.1160326 | title=Tokyo's ''Dojunkai'' experiment: Courtyard apartment blocks 1926–1932 | date=2016 | last1=Tewari | first1=Shilpi | last2=Beynon | first2=David | journal=Planning Perspectives | volume=31 | issue=3 | pages=469–483 | bibcode=2016PlPer..31..469T | access-date=June 22, 2024 | archive-date=June 22, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622053154/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02665433.2016.1160326 | url-status=live }}</ref>

The 1930s saw the rise of styles that combined characteristics of both traditional Japanese and modern designs. [[Itō Chūta|Chuta Ito]] was a leading figure in this movement, and his extant works in Tokyo include [[Tsukiji Hongan-ji]] (1934). The [[Imperial Crown Style]], which often features Japanese-style roofs on top of elevated concrete structures, was adopted for the [[Tokyo National Museum]] in Ueno and the Kudan Hall in [[Kudanminami]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=大介 |first=三村 |date=2022-06-13 |title=Was the Imperial Crown Style Really Nationalistic? |url=https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/71480 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=JBpress autograph |language=ja |archive-date=June 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622053151/https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/71480 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Contemporary (1946–) ====
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Tokyo}}{{multiple image
| total_width       = 400
| align             = right
| direction         = horizontal
| header            = Contemporary buildings in Tokyo
| image1            = Kokuritsu Yoyogi Kyōgijō 1.jpg
| caption1          = [[Yoyogi National Gymnasium]], completed in 1964
| image3            = 
| caption3          = 
| image2            = 2018 National Art Center, Tokyo 2.jpg
| caption2          = [[National Art Center, Tokyo|National Art Center]], completed in 2007
}}
Since the 30-metre height restriction was lifted in the 1960s, Tokyo's most dense areas have been dominated by skyscrapers. As of May 2024, at least 184 buildings are exceeding 150 metres (492 feet) in Tokyo. Apart from these, [[Tokyo Tower]] (333m) and [[Tokyo Skytree]] (634m) feature high-elevation observation decks; the latter is the tallest tower in both Japan and the world, and the third tallest structure in the world.<ref name="skytree" /> With a scheduled completion date in 2027, [[Torch Tower (Japan)|Torch Tower]] (385m) will overtake [[Azabudai Hills|Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower]] (325.2m) as the tallest building in Tokyo.

[[Kenzō Tange|Kenzo Tange]] designed notable contemporary buildings in Tokyo, including [[Yoyogi National Gymnasium]] (1964), [[St. Mary's Cathedral, Tokyo|St. Mary's Cathedral]] (1967), and the [[Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building]] (1991). [[Kisho Kurokawa]] was also active in the city, and his works there include the [[The National Art Center, Tokyo|National Art Center]] (2005) and the [[Nakagin Capsule Tower]] (1972). Other notable contemporary buildings in Tokyo include the [[Tokyo Dome]], [[Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower]], [[Roppongi Hills]], [[Tokyo International Forum]], and [[Asahi Beer Hall]].
{{clear}}
{{wide image|Tokyo from the top of the SkyTree (cropped).JPG|1500px|A panoramic view of Tokyo from the [[Tokyo Skytree]]}}{{Clear}}