Editing Tinnitus (section)

===Psychoacoustics===
Acoustic qualification of tinnitus includes measurement of several acoustic parameters like frequency in cases of monotone tinnitus or {{Clarify | text = frequency range and bandwidth in cases of narrow band noise tinnitus| date = December 2024 | reason = What is bandwidth, in addition to frequency range?}}, loudness in dB above hearing threshold at the indicated frequency, {{Clarify | text = mixing-point| date = December 2024}}, and minimum masking level.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Henry |first1=JA |last2=Meikle |first2=MB |title=Psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus. |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Audiology |date=March 2000 |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=138–155 |doi=10.1055/s-0042-1748040 |pmid=10755810 |s2cid=34933069 }}</ref> In most cases, tinnitus pitch or frequency range is between 5&nbsp;kHz and 10&nbsp;kHz,<ref name="pmid26583098">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vielsmeier V, Lehner A, Strutz J, Steffens T, Kreuzer PM, Schecklmann M, Landgrebe M, Langguth B, Kleinjung T | title = The Relevance of the High Frequency Audiometry in Tinnitus Patients with Normal Hearing in Conventional Pure-Tone Audiometry | journal = BioMed Research International | volume = 2015 | pages = 1–5 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26583098 | pmc = 4637018 | doi = 10.1155/2015/302515 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and loudness between 5 and 15&nbsp;[[decibel|dB]] above the hearing threshold.<ref name="pmid24349414">{{cite journal | vauthors = Basile CÉ, Fournier P, Hutchins S, Hébert S | title = Psychoacoustic assessment to improve tinnitus diagnosis | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 12 | pages = e82995 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24349414 | pmc = 3861445 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0082995 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...882995B | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Another relevant parameter of tinnitus is residual inhibition: the temporary suppression or disappearance of tinnitus following a period of masking. The degree of residual inhibition may indicate how effective tinnitus maskers would be as treatment.<ref name="pmid17956813">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66047-6 |chapter=Residual inhibition |title=Tinnitus: Pathophysiology and Treatment |series=Progress in Brain Research |year=2007 |last1=Roberts |first1=Larry E. |volume=166 |pages=487–495 |pmid=17956813 |isbn=978-0-444-53167-4 }}</ref><ref name="pmid18712566">{{cite journal | vauthors = Roberts LE, Moffat G, Baumann M, Ward LM, Bosnyak DJ | title = Residual inhibition functions overlap tinnitus spectra and the region of auditory threshold shift | journal = Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = 417–435 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18712566 | pmc = 2580805 | doi = 10.1007/s10162-008-0136-9 }}</ref>

An assessment of [[hyperacusis]], a frequent accompaniment of tinnitus,<ref name="pmid24012803">{{cite journal | vauthors = Knipper M, Van Dijk P, Nunes I, Rüttiger L, Zimmermann U | title = Advances in the neurobiology of hearing disorders: recent developments regarding the basis of tinnitus and hyperacusis | journal = Progress in Neurobiology | volume = 111 | pages = 17–33 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24012803 | doi = 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.08.002 | doi-access = free }}</ref> may also be made.<ref name="pmid25104073">{{cite journal |last1=Tyler |first1=Richard S. |last2=Pienkowski |first2=Martin |last3=Roncancio |first3=Eveling Rojas |last4=Jun |first4=Hyung Jin |last5=Brozoski |first5=Tom |last6=Dauman |first6=Nicolas |last7=Coelho |first7=Claudia Barros |last8=Andersson |first8=Gerhard |last9=Keiner |first9=Andrew J. |last10=Cacace |first10=Anthony T. |last11=Martin |first11=Nora |last12=Moore |first12=Brian C. J. |title=A Review of Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part I. Definitions and Manifestations |journal=American Journal of Audiology |date=December 2014 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=402–419 |doi=10.1044/2014_AJA-14-0010 |pmid=25104073 }}</ref> Hyperacusis is related to negative reactions to sound and can take many forms. One parameter that can be measured is Loudness Discomfort Level (LDL) in dB, the subjective level of acute discomfort at specified frequencies over the frequency range of hearing. This defines a dynamic range between the hearing threshold at that frequency and the loudness discomfort level. A compressed dynamic range over a particular frequency range can be associated with hyperacusis. Normal hearing threshold is generally defined as 0–20 decibels (dB). Normal loudness discomfort levels are 85–90+ dB, with some authorities citing 100&nbsp;dB. A dynamic range of 55&nbsp;dB or less is indicative of hyperacusis.<ref name="pmid15807048">{{cite journal |last1=Sherlock |first1=LaGuinn P. |last2=Formby |first2=Craig |title=Estimates of Loudness, Loudness Discomfort, and the Auditory Dynamic Range: Normative Estimates, Comparison of Procedures, and Test-Retest Reliability |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Audiology |date=February 2005 |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=85–100 |doi=10.3766/jaaa.16.2.4 |pmid=15807048 }}</ref><ref name="pmid25478787">{{cite journal |last1=Pienkowski |first1=Martin |last2=Tyler |first2=Richard S. |last3=Roncancio |first3=Eveling Rojas |last4=Jun |first4=Hyung Jin |last5=Brozoski |first5=Tom |last6=Dauman |first6=Nicolas |last7=Coelho |first7=Claudia Barros |last8=Andersson |first8=Gerhard |last9=Keiner |first9=Andrew J. |last10=Cacace |first10=Anthony T. |last11=Martin |first11=Nora |last12=Moore |first12=Brian C. J. |title=A Review of Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part II. Measurement, Mechanisms, and Treatment |journal=American Journal of Audiology |date=December 2014 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=420–436 |doi=10.1044/2014_AJA-13-0037 |pmid=25478787 }}</ref>