Editing Thermometer (section)

===Precision thermometry===
{{See also|Precision thermometry|Fahrenheit scale|Celsius scale|Mercury-in-glass thermometer|l4=Mercury-in-glass thermometer (mercury thermometer)|Medical thermometer|Pyrometer|Infrared thermometer}}
[[Image:Clinical thermometer 38.7.JPG|thumb|A medical mercury-in-glass maximum thermometer.]]
[[File:Alcohol-In-Glass Taylor Thermometer.jpg|138px|thumb|An [[alcohol thermometer]].]]
[[File:Raumthermometer Fahrenheit+Celsius.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Thermometer with [[Fahrenheit]] (symbol °F) and [[Celsius]] (symbol °C) units.]]

In 1714, scientist and inventor [[Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit]] invented a reliable thermometer, [[mercury thermometer|using mercury]] instead of [[alcohol thermometer|alcohol and water mixtures]]. In 1724, he proposed a [[temperature scale]] which now (slightly adjusted) [[Fahrenheit|bears his name]]. In 1742, [[Anders Celsius]] (1701–1744) proposed a scale with zero at the boiling point and 100 degrees at the freezing point of water,<!--This is correct, originally 0 at boiling point, 100 at melting point, please do not switch these--><ref>R.P. Benedict (1984) Fundamentals of Temperature, Pressure, and Flow Measurements, 3rd ed, {{ISBN|0-471-89383-8}} page 6</ref> though the scale which now [[Celsius|bears his name]] has them the other way around.<ref>[http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/heat/1951-581.aspx Christin's thermometer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601021835/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/heat/1951-581.aspx |date=2013-06-01 }} and [http://www.linnaeus.uu.se/online/life/6_32.html#bild2 Linnaeus' thermometer]</ref> French entomologist [[René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur]] invented an alcohol thermometer and, [[Réaumur scale|temperature scale]] in 1730, that ultimately proved to be less reliable than Fahrenheit's mercury thermometer.

[[File:Very slippy-weather.jpg|thumb|''Very Slippy-Weather''<br>A [[caricature]] by [[James Gillray]], 1808]]

The first physician to use thermometer measurements in clinical practice was [[Herman Boerhaave]] (1668–1738).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/4501/4501ms1.pdf |author-last1=Tan |author-first1=S. Y. |author-last2=Hu |author-first2=M |title=Medicine in Stamps: Hermann Boerhaave (1668 - 1738): 18th Century Teacher Extraordinaire |journal=Singapore Medical Journal |volume=45 |issue=1 |year=2004 |pages=3–5}}</ref> In 1866, Sir [[Thomas Clifford Allbutt]] (1836–1925) invented a [[Medical thermometer|clinical thermometer]] that produced a body temperature reading in five minutes as opposed to twenty.<ref name="Allbutt">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/16002/Sir-Thomas-Clifford-Allbutt Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt], ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''</ref> In 1999, Dr. [[Francesco Pompei]] of the [[Exergen Corporation]] introduced the world's first temporal artery thermometer, a non-invasive temperature [[sensor]] which scans the forehead in about two seconds and provides a medically accurate body temperature.<ref>[http://www.exergen.com/leader-in-industrial-and-medical-non-invasive-temperature-technology/ Exergen Corporation]. Exergen.com. Retrieved on 2011-03-30.</ref><ref>[http://patents.justia.com/inventor/FRANCESCOPOMPEI.html Patents By Inventor Francesco Pompei :: Justia Patents]. Patents.justia.com. Retrieved on 2011-03-30.</ref>