Editing The Bell Curve (section)

====Criticism by James Heckman====
The [[Nobel Memorial Prize]]-winning economist [[James Heckman]] considers two assumptions made in the book to be questionable: that ''g'' accounts for [[correlation]] across test scores and performance in society, and that ''g'' cannot be manipulated. Heckman's reanalysis of the evidence used in ''The Bell Curve'' found contradictions:
# The factors that explain wages receive different weights than the factors that explain test scores. More than ''g'' is required to explain either.
# Other factors besides ''g'' contribute to social performance, and they can be manipulated.<ref name=heckman>{{Cite journal |last=Heckman |first=James J. |date=1995 |title=Lessons from the Bell Curve |journal=[[Journal of Political Economy]] |volume=103 |issue=5 |pages=1091–1120 |doi=10.1086/262014 |s2cid=153463195}}.</ref>
In response, Murray argued that this was a [[straw man]] and that the book does not argue that ''g'' or IQ are totally immutable or the only factors affecting outcomes.<ref>August 1995 letter exchange in ''[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary]]'' magazine</ref>

In a 2005 interview, Heckman praised ''The Bell Curve'' for breaking "a taboo by showing that differences in ability existed and predicted a variety of socioeconomic outcomes" and for playing "a very important role in raising the issue of differences in ability and their importance" and stated that he was "a bigger fan of [''The Bell Curve''] than you might think." However, he also maintained that Herrnstein and Murray overestimated the role of heredity in determining intelligence differences.<ref name="theregion">''[https://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications_papers/pub_display.cfm?id=3278 Interview with James Heckman]''. Douglas Clement. June 2005. ''The Region.''</ref>