Editing Tengwar (section)

== Encoding schemes ==

=== Legacy encoding ===

The contemporary [[de facto]] standard in the Tengwar user community maps the Tengwar characters onto the [[ISO 8859-1]] character encoding following the example of the Tengwar typefaces by Dan Smith. This implies a major flaw: If no corresponding Tengwar font is installed, a [[mojibake|string of nonsense characters]] appears.

Since there are not enough places in ISO 8859-1's 191 codepoints for all the signs used in Tengwar orthography, certain signs are included in a "Tengwar A" font which also maps its characters on ISO 8859-1, overlapping with the first font.

For each Tengwar diacritic, there are four different codepoints that are used depending on the width of the character which bears it.

Other Tengwar typefaces with this encoding include [http://www.dafont.com/Tengwar-annatar.font Johan Winge's Tengwar Annatar], [https://web.archive.org/web/20080515024319/http://at.mansbjorkman.net/parmaite.htm Måns Björkman's Tengwar Parmaitë], [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027083304/http://geocities.com/enrombell/eng_dir/Index.htm  Enrique Mombello's Tengwar Élfica] or [https://web.archive.org/web/20061023195729/http://Tengwarformal.limes.com.pl/ Michal Nowakowski's Tengwar Formal] (note that most of these differ in details).

The following sample shows the first article of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] written in English, according to the traditional [[English orthography]]. It should look similar to the picture at the [[#top|top of the page]], but if no Tengwar font is installed, it will appear as a jumble of characters because the corresponding ISO 8859-1 characters will appear instead.

<blockquote style="font-family: 'Tengwar Annatar', 'Tengwar Eldamar', 'Tengwar Noldor', 'Tengwar Parmaite', 'Tengwar Formal', 'Tengwar Elfica', 'Tengwar Sindarin', 'Tengwar Quenya', 'Tengwar Gothika'; font-size: 150%; line-height: 150%">
j#¸ 9t&5# w`Vb%_ 6EO w6Y5 e7`V`V 2{( zèVj# 5% 2x%51T`Û 2{( 7v%1+- 4hR 7EO 2{$yYO2 y4% 7]F85^ 2{( z5^8I`B5$I( 2{( dyYj2 zE1 1yY6E2_ 5^( 5#4^(7 5% `C 8q7T1T W w74^(692^H -- </blockquote>

Note: Some browsers may not display these characters properly.

=== Unicode ===

[[Michael Everson]] made a proposal to include the Tengwar in the [[Unicode]] standard in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Proposal to encode Tengwar in Plane 1 of ISO/IEC 10646-2 |url=http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n1641/n1641.htm |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=std.dkuug.dk}}</ref> The range {{U+|16080}} to U+160FF in the [[Supplementary Multilingual Plane|SMP]] was tentatively allocated for Tengwar in the 2023 Unicode roadmap.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roadmap to the SMP |url=https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/ |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=www.unicode.org}}</ref>

=== ConScript Unicode Registry ===

{{Infobox Unicode block
|rangestart = E000
|rangeend   = E07F
|assigned   = 93
|script1    = Artificial Scripts
|alphabets  = Tengwar
|sources    = [[ConScript Unicode Registry|CSUR]]
|codechart  = omit
|note       = Part of the Private-Use Area, font conflicts possible<ref>{{cite web |last=Everson |first=Michael |url=http://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/Tengwar.html | title=Tengwar: U+E000 - U+E07F | work=ConScript Unicode Registry | accessdate=2017-03-13}}</ref>
}}

Tengwar are included in the unofficial [[ConScript Unicode Registry]] (CSUR), which assigns codepoints in the [[Private Use Area]]. Tengwar are mapped to the range U+E000–U+E07F. The following Unicode sample (which repeats the one above) is meaningful when viewed under a typeface supporting Tengwar glyphs in the area defined in the ConScript Tengwar proposal.

<blockquote style="font-family: 'Tengwar Formal CSUR', 'Kurinto Text Aux', 'Kurinto Book Aux', 'Kurinto Sans Aux', 'Constructium', 'Tengwar Formal Unicode', 'Tengwar Telcontar', 'FreeMonoTengwar', 'Everson Mono', 'Tengwar Eldamar'; font-size: 150%;">{{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} ⸬ {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} {{PUA|}} ⸬</blockquote>

Some [[typeface]]s that support this proposal are [[Everson Mono]], Tengwar Telcontar,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Winge |first1=Johan |title=Free Tengwar Font Project: Tengwar Telcontar |url=https://freeTengwar.sourceforge.net/tengtelc.html |website=J. R. R. Tolkien’s Tengwar script |access-date=25 June 2024 |date=15 December 2009}}</ref> Constructium, Tengwar Formal Unicode,<ref>{{cite web |last1=wust |first1=j ‘mach’ |title=Free Tengwar Font Project: Tengwar Formal CSUR |url=https://freeTengwar.sourceforge.net/formal.html |website=J. R. R. Tolkien’s Tengwar script |access-date=25 June 2024 |date=11 June 2010}}</ref> and FreeMonoTengwar<ref>{{cite web |last1=wust |first1=j ‘mach’ |title=Free Tengwar Font Project: FreeMonoTengwar |url=https://freeTengwar.sourceforge.net/freemonoTengwar.html |website=J. R. R. Tolkien’s Tengwar script |access-date=25 June 2024 |date=22 September 2009}}</ref> (James Kass's [[Code2000]] and [[Code2001]] use an older, incompatible version of the proposal). The eight “Aux” variant fonts of Kurinto (such as Kurinto Text Aux, Book Aux, Sans Aux) also support Tengwar.<ref>[https://Kurinto.com/ Kurinto]</ref>

{{CSUR chart Tengwar}}

{{CSUR chart Tengwar 2001}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Tengwar letters CSUR encoding
! Name	!! Image	!! CSUR	|| Designation annotation
|-
| tinco	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa tinco.svg|24px|tinco]]	|| U+E000	|| Tengwar LETTER TINCO
|-
| parma	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa parma.svg|24px|parma]]	|| U+E001	|| Tengwar LETTER PARMA
|-
| calma	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa calma.svg|24px|calma]]	|| U+E002	|| Tengwar LETTER CALMA
|-
| quessë	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa quesse.svg|24px|quessë]]	|| U+E003	|| Tengwar LETTER QUESSE
|-
| ando	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa ando.svg|24px|ando]]	|| U+E004	|| Tengwar LETTER ANDO
|-
| umbar	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa umbar.svg|24px|umbar]]	|| U+E005	|| Tengwar LETTER UMBAR
|-
| anga	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa anga.svg|24px|anga]]	|| U+E006	|| Tengwar LETTER ANGA
|-
| ungwë	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa ungwe.svg|24px|ungwë]]	|| U+E007	|| Tengwar LETTER UNGWE
|-
| súlë / thúlë	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa súle.svg|24px|súlë / thúlë]]	|| U+E008	|| Tengwar LETTER THUULE (suule)
|-
| formen	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa formen.svg|24px|formen]]	|| U+E009	|| Tengwar LETTER FORMEN
|-
| harma / aha	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa aha.svg|24px|harma / aha]]	|| U+E00A	|| Tengwar LETTER HARMA (aha)
|-
| hwesta	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa hwesta.svg|24px|hwesta]]	|| U+E00B	|| Tengwar LETTER HWESTA
|-
| anto	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa anto.svg|24px|anto]]	|| U+E00C	|| Tengwar LETTER ANTO
|-
| ampa	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa ampa.svg|24px|ampa]]	|| U+E00D	|| Tengwar LETTER AMPA
|-
| anca	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa anca.svg|24px|anca]]	|| U+E00E	|| Tengwar LETTER ANCA
|-
| unquë	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa unque.svg|24px|unquë]]	|| U+E00F	|| Tengwar LETTER UNQUE
|-
| númen	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa númen.svg|24px|númen]]	|| U+E010	|| Tengwar LETTER NUUMEN
|-
| {{not a typo|malta}}	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa malta.svg|24px|{{not a typo|malta}}]]	|| U+E011	|| Tengwar LETTER MALTA
|-
| noldo / ñoldo	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa noldo.svg|24px|noldo / ñoldo]]	|| U+E012	|| Tengwar LETTER NOLDO (ngoldo)
|-
| nwalmë / ñwalmë	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa nwalme.svg|24px|nwalmë / ñwalmë]]	|| U+E013	|| Tengwar LETTER NWALME (ngwalme)
|-
| órë	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa óre.svg|24px|órë]]	|| U+E014	|| Tengwar LETTER OORE
|-
| vala	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa vala.svg|24px|vala]]	|| U+E015	|| Tengwar LETTER VALA
|-
| anna	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa anna.svg|24px|anna]]	|| U+E016	|| Tengwar LETTER ANNA
|-
| vilya / wilya	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa wilya.svg|24px|vilya / wilya]]	|| U+E017	|| Tengwar LETTER VILYA (wilya)
|-
| rómen	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa rómen.svg|24px|rómen]]	|| U+E018	|| Tengwar LETTER ROOMEN
|-
| arda	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa arda.svg|24px|arda]]	|| U+E019	|| Tengwar LETTER ARDA
|-
| lambë	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa lambe.svg|24px|lambë]]	|| U+E01A	|| Tengwar LETTER LAMBE
|-
| alda	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa alda.svg|24px|alda]]	|| U+E01B	|| Tengwar LETTER ALDA
|-
| silmë	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa silme.svg|24px|silmë]]	|| U+E01C	|| Tengwar LETTER SILME
|-
| silmë nuquerna	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa silme nuquerna.svg|24px|silmë nuquerna]]	|| U+E01D	|| Tengwar LETTER SILME NUQUERNA
|-
| essë / áre/áze	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa esse.svg|24px|essë / áre/áze]]	|| U+E01E	|| Tengwar LETTER AARE (aaze, esse)
|-
| essë nuquerna / áre/áze nuquerna	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa esse nuquerna.svg|24px|essë nuquerna / áre/áze nuquerna]]	|| U+E01F	|| Tengwar LETTER AARE NUQUERNA (aaze n., esse n.)
|-
| hyarmen	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa hyarmen.svg|24px|hyarmen]]	|| U+E020	|| Tengwar LETTER HYARMEN
|-
| hwesta sindarinwa	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa hwesta sindarinwa.svg|24px|hwesta sindarinwa]]	|| U+E021	|| Tengwar LETTER HWESTA SINDARINWA
|-
| yanta	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa yanta.svg|24px|yanta]]	|| U+E022	|| Tengwar LETTER YANTA
|-
| úrë	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa úre.svg|24px|úrë]]	|| U+E023	|| Tengwar LETTER UURE
|-
| halla	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa halla.svg|24px|halla]]	|| U+E024	|| Tengwar LETTER HALLA
|-
| telco	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa telco.svg|24px|telco]]	|| U+E025	|| Tengwar LETTER SHORT CARRIER
|-
| ára	|| style="color: black !important; background-color: white !important;" | [[File:Tengwa ára.svg|24px|ára]]	|| U+E026	|| Tengwar LETTER LONG CARRIER
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Tengwar ligatures and extended letters CSUR encoding
! Name	!! Image	!! CSUR	|| Designation annotation
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E027	|| Tengwar LETTER ANNA SINDARINWA
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E028	|| Tengwar LETTER EXTENDED THUULE
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E029	|| Tengwar LETTER EXTENDED FORMEN
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E02A	|| Tengwar LETTER EXTENDED HARMA
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E02B	|| Tengwar LETTER EXTENDED HWESTA
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E02C	|| Tengwar LETTER EXTENDED ANTO
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E02D	|| Tengwar LETTER EXTENDED AMPA
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E02E	|| Tengwar LETTER EXTENDED ANCA
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E02F	|| Tengwar LETTER EXTENDED UNQUE
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E030	|| Tengwar LETTER STEMLESS OORE (digit zero)
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E031	|| Tengwar LETTER STEMLESS VALA
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E032	|| Tengwar LETTER STEMLESS ANNA
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E033	|| Tengwar LETTER STEMLESS VILYA (digit one)
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Tengwar accents CSUR encoding
! Name	!! Image	!! CSUR	|| Designation annotation
|-
| amatixe 3	|| [[File:Tehta amatixe3.GIF|24px|amatixe 3]]	|| U+E040	|| Tengwar SIGN THREE DOTS ABOVE
|-
| unutixe 3	||  || U+E041	|| Tengwar SIGN THREE DOTS BELOW
|-
| amatixe 2	|| [[File:Tehta amatixe2.GIF|24px|amatixe 2]]	|| U+E042	|| Tengwar SIGN TWO DOTS ABOVE
|-
| unutixe 2	|| [[File:Tehta unutixe2.GIF|24px|unutixe 2]]	|| U+E043	|| Tengwar SIGN TWO DOTS BELOW
|-
| amatixe 1	|| [[File:Tehta amatixe1.gif|24px|amatixe 1]]	|| U+E044	|| Tengwar SIGN AMATICSE (dot above)
|-
| unutixe 1	|| [[File:Tehta unutixe1.GIF|24px|unutixe 1]]	|| U+E045	|| Tengwar SIGN NUNTICSE (dot below)
|-
| tecco	|| [[File:Tehta tecco.gif|24px|tecco]]	|| U+E046	|| Tengwar SIGN ACUTE (andaith, long mark)
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E047	|| Tengwar SIGN DOUBLE ACUTE
|-
| rempe	|| [[File:Tehta rempe.GIF|24px|rempe]]	|| U+E048	|| Tengwar SIGN RIGHT CURL
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E049	|| Tengwar SIGN DOUBLE RIGHT CURL
|-
| rempenuquerna	|| [[File:Tehta rempenuquerna.GIF|24px|rempenuquerna]]	|| U+E04A	|| Tengwar SIGN LEFT CURL
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E04B	|| Tengwar SIGN DOUBLE LEFT CURL
|-
| amatwe	|| [[File:Tehta amatwe.GIF|24px|amatwe]]	|| U+E04C	|| Tengwar SIGN NASALIZER
|-
| unuatwe	|| [[File:Tehta unuatwe.GIF|24px|unuatwe]]	|| U+E04D	|| Tengwar SIGN DOUBLER
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E04E	|| Tengwar SIGN TILDE
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E04F	|| Tengwar SIGN BREVE
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E050	|| Tengwar PUSTA (putta, stop)
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E051	|| Tengwar DOUBLE PUSTA (putta)
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E052	|| Tengwar EXCLAMATION MARK
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E053	|| Tengwar QUESTION MARK
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E054	|| Tengwar SECTION MARK
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E055	|| Tengwar LONG SECTION MARK
|-
| thinnas	|| [[File:Tehta thinnas.gif|24px|thinnas]]	|| U+E056	|| Tengwar SIGN LONG CARRIER BELOW
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E057	|| Tengwar SIGN DOUBLE ACUTE BELOW
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E058	|| Tengwar SIGN RIGHT CURL BELOW
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E05A	|| Tengwar SIGN LEFT CURL BELOW
|-
| sarince	|| [[File:Tehta sarince.gif|24px|sarince]]	|| U+E05C	|| Tengwar SIGN LEFT FOLLOWING SILME
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E05D	|| Tengwar SIGN RIGHT FOLLOWING SILME
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Tengwar digits CSUR encoding
! Name	!! Image	!! CSUR	|| Designation annotation
|-
|title="STEMLESS OORE"| 0	|| 	|| U+E030	|| Tengwar LETTER STEMLESS OORE (digit zero)
|-
|title="STEMLESS VILYA"| 1	|| 	|| U+E033	|| Tengwar LETTER STEMLESS VILYA (digit one)
|-
| 2	|| 	|| U+E062	|| Tengwar DIGIT TWO
|-
| 3	|| 	|| U+E063	|| Tengwar DIGIT THREE
|-
| 4	|| 	|| U+E064	|| Tengwar DIGIT FOUR
|-
| 5	|| 	|| U+E065	|| Tengwar DIGIT FIVE
|-
| 6	|| 	|| U+E066	|| Tengwar DIGIT SIX
|-
| 7	|| 	|| U+E067	|| Tengwar DIGIT SEVEN
|-
| 8	|| 	|| U+E068	|| Tengwar DIGIT EIGHT
|-
| 9	|| 	|| U+E069	|| Tengwar DIGIT NINE
|-
| 10	|| 	|| U+E06A	|| Tengwar DUODECIMAL DIGIT TEN
|-
| 11	|| 	|| U+E06B	|| Tengwar DUODECIMAL DIGIT ELEVEN
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E06C	|| Tengwar DECIMAL BASE MARK
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E06D	|| Tengwar DUODECIMAL BASE MARK
|-
| 	|| 	|| U+E06E	|| Tengwar DUODECIMAL LEAST SIGNIFICANT DIGIT MARK
|}