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Temperance movement
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=== 1960s–present === The temperance movement still exists in many parts of the world, but it is generally less politically influential than it was in the early 20th century. Its efforts today include disseminating research regarding alcohol and health, in addition to its effects on society and the family unit.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Michael |title=The Tyranny of Health: Doctors and the Regulation of Lifestyle |date=2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134563463 |pages=47 |language=en}}</ref> The addition of [[Alcohol packaging warning messages|warning labels on alcoholic beverages]] is supported by [[List of Temperance organizations|organizations]] of the temperance movement, such as the WCTU.<ref name="Chandler2012">{{cite journal |last1=Chandler |first1=Ellen |title=FASD - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder |journal=White Ribbon Signal |date=2012 |volume=117 |issue=2 |page=2}}</ref> Prominent temperance organizations active today include the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union|World Woman's Christian Temperance Union]], [[Mothers Against Drunk Driving]], [[Alcohol Justice]], [[International Blue Cross]], [[Independent Order of Rechabites]], and [[International Organisation of Good Templars]].<ref name="Fischer-TinéTschurenev2014">{{cite book|last1=Fischer-Tiné|first1=Harald|last2=Tschurenev|first2=Jana|title=A History of Alcohol and Drugs in Modern South Asia|date=3 January 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|language=en|isbn=9781317916819|page=36}}</ref> The [[Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection]], a Methodist denomination in the [[conservative holiness movement]], as well as the [[Salvation Army]], for example, are Christian Churches that continue to require that their members refrain from drinking alcohol as well as smoking, taking illegal drugs, and gambling.<ref name="AWMC2014">{{cite book|title=The Discipline of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection (Original Allegheny Conference)|year=2014|publisher=Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection|location=Salem, Ohio|language=en|page=37}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.salvationarmy.org/heritage.nsf/0/fea4acf97c61102c80256a2200443120?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,doctrines |title=Articles Of War For Salvation Army Soldiers |publisher=.salvationarmy.org |access-date=April 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610164243/http://www1.salvationarmy.org/heritage.nsf/0/fea4acf97c61102c80256a2200443120?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,doctrines |archive-date=June 10, 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In youth culture in the 1990s, temperance was an important part of the [[straight edge]] scene, which stresses [[abstinence from drugs|abstinence from other drugs]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Haenfler|first1=Ross|title=Straight Edge: Hardcore Punk, Clean Living Youth, and Social Change|date=2006|publisher=Rutgers University Press|location=Piscataway, New Jersey|isbn=978-0-8135-3851-8|page=35|url=https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=435053|access-date=May 16, 2018}}</ref> Fitzpatrick's Herbal Health in Lancashire, England is thought to be the oldest [[temperance bar]]s and other such establishments have become popular in recent times.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anson|first1=John|title=Rawtenstall: Fitzpatrick's Temperance Bar|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/1250242.Rawtenstall__Fitzpatrick_s_Temperance_Bar/|access-date=May 16, 2018|agency=Lancashire Telegraph|publisher=Newsquest (North West) Ltd|date=March 12, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Eby2019">{{cite web |last1=Eby |first1=Margaret |title=The rise of the sober bar |url=https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=21 August 2019 |language=en |date=19 July 2019|quote=Alcohol-free bars aren't a new concept. In the late 19th century, a number of alcohol-free bars known as temperance bars were established in the UK on the heels of the temperance movement, which advocated abstinence. Fitzpatrick's Temperance Bar, founded in 1890 in Rawtenstall, north of Manchester, is still slinging root beer and glasses of dandelion and burdock today. But what's different about today's wave of alcohol-free bars is that they aren't necessarily rooted in the idea of total abstinence. At Getaway, for example, the audience isn't just non-drinkers but anyone who wants a fun bar environment without the threat of a hangover the next day. "Nothing about our space says you should be sober, or you shouldn't go around the corner to another bar and do a tequila shot after hanging out here," Thonis said. "It's not exclusively for the non-drinker."}}</ref> In various parts of the world, voters continue to advocate for alcohol prohibition. For example, in 2016, many women in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu blamed alcohol for societal ills, such as [[Domestic violence in India|domestic violence]], and thus took to the polls to elect a pro-prohibition leader.<ref name="Thekaekara2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/25/tamil-nadu-women-alcohol-banned-prohibition-domestic-violence|title=Why Tamil Nadu's women want alcohol banned|last=Thekaekara|first=Mari Marcel|date=25 May 2016|work=The Guardian|language=English|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> Their effort succeeded and when [[Jayalalithaa|Jayaram Jayalalithaa]] was voted in, she shut down five hundred liquor shops on her first day in office.<ref name="Thekaekara2016"/> In 2017, women agitated for temperance and the prohibition of alcohol in the state of Bihar;<ref name="Anand2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/15/world/asia/india-bihar-alcohol-ban-women.html|title=Alcohol Ban Succeeds as Women Warn, 'Behave, or We'll Get Tough'|last=Anand|first=Geeta|date=15 April 2017|work=The New York Times|language=English|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> they campaigned for the election of [[Nitish Kumar]], who upon the request of women, pledged that he would prohibit alcohol.<ref name="Anand2017"/> Since signing prohibition legislation, "Murders and gang robberies are down almost 20 percent from a year earlier, and riots by 13 percent. Fatal traffic accidents fell by 10 percent."<ref name="Anand2017"/>
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