Editing Temperament (section)

====Surgency/extraversion====
[[Surgency]]/extraversion includes positive anticipation, [[impulsivity]], increased levels of activity and a desire for sensation seeking.<ref name="Rothbart in Merrill">{{cite journal|last=Rothbart|first=M K|title=Temperament and the pursuit of an integrated developmental psychology|journal=Merrill-Palmer Quarterly|date=Oct 2004|volume=50|issue=4|pages=492–505|url=http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/mpq/vol50/iss4/7|doi=10.1353/mpq.2004.0035|s2cid=144970654}}</ref> This factor reflects the degree to which a child is generally happy, active, and enjoys vocalizing and seeking stimulation.<ref name="Kail and Barnfield" /> Increased levels of smiling and laughter are observed in babies high in surgency/extraversion.<ref name="Rothbart and Hwang" /> 10- to 11-year-olds with higher levels of surgency/extraversion are more likely to develop externalizing problems like acting out; however, they are less likely to develop internalizing problems such as [[shyness]] and low [[self-esteem]].<ref name=Ormel>{{cite journal|pmid=16300695|doi=10.1017/S0033291705005829|year=2005|last1=Ormel|first1=J|title=Internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence: General and dimension-specific effects of familial loadings and preadolescent temperament traits|journal=Psychological Medicine|volume=35|issue=12|pages=1825–35|last2=Oldehinkel|first2=A. J|last3=Ferdinand|first3=R. F|last4=Hartman|first4=C. A|last5=De Winter|first5=A. F|last6=Veenstra|first6=R|last7=Vollebergh|first7=W|last8=Minderaa|first8=R. B|last9=Buitelaar|first9=J. K|last10=Verhulst|first10=F. C|s2cid=10109488}}</ref>