Editing Sushi (section)

==Western-style sushi==
[[File:Norwegia Roll Salmon Sushi.jpg|thumb|right|{{nihongo|Norway roll|ノルウェー巻き}}. A Norwegian businessman introduced the use of salmon as a sushi ingredient to Japan in the 1980s.<ref name=desperate />]]
The increasing popularity of sushi worldwide has resulted in variations typically found in the [[Western world]] but rarely in Japan. A notable exception to this is the use of salmon. The Japanese have eaten salmon since prehistory; however, caught salmon in nature often contains [[Parasitism|parasites]] and must be cooked or [[Cured fish|cured]] for its lean meat to be edible. On the other side of the world, in the 1960s and 1970s, Norwegian entrepreneurs started experimenting with [[aquaculture]] farming. The big breakthrough was when they figured out how to raise salmon in net pens in the sea. Being farm-raised, the [[Atlantic salmon]] reportedly showed advantages over the [[Oncorhynchus|Pacific salmon]], such as no parasites, easy animal capture, and higher fat content. With government subsidies and improved techniques, they were so successful in raising fatty and parasite-free salmon they ended up with a surplus. Norway has a small population and limited market; therefore, they looked to other countries to export their salmon. The first Norwegian salmon was imported into Japan in 1980, accepted conventionally, for grilling, not for sushi. Salmon had already been consumed in North America as an ingredient in sushi as early as the 1970s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Episode 651: The Salmon Taboo|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2015/09/16/440951873/episode-651-the-salmon-taboo|access-date=2021-04-17|website=NPR.org|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417221940/https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2015/09/16/440951873/episode-651-the-salmon-taboo|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How The Desperate Norwegian Salmon Industry Created A Sushi Staple|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/09/18/441530790/how-the-desperate-norwegian-salmon-industry-created-a-sushi-staple|access-date=2021-04-17|website=NPR.org|language=en|archive-date=2019-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424211018/https://www.npr.org/2015/09/18/441530790/how-the-desperate-norwegian-salmon-industry-created-a-sushi-staple|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Matsui|first=Akira|date=2005-06-01|title=Salmon Exploitation in Jomon Archaeology from a Wetlands Point of View|url=https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2005.5.1.49|journal=Journal of Wetland Archaeology|volume=5|issue=1|pages=49–63|doi=10.1179/jwa.2005.5.1.49|bibcode=2005JWetA...5...49M |s2cid=140720425|issn=1473-2971|access-date=2021-04-17|archive-date=2021-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617105641/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/jwa.2005.5.1.49|url-status=live}}</ref> Salmon sushi did not become widely accepted in Japan until a successful marketing partnership in the late 1980s between Bjorn Eirik Olsen, a Norwegian businessman tasked with helping the Norwegian salmon industry glut, and the Japanese food supplier [[Nichirei]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2018/03/10/food/norwegian-campaign-behind-japans-love-salmon-sushi/ |title=The Norwegian campaign behind Japan's love of salmon sushi |first=Oeystein |last=Sollesnes |date=March 10, 2018 |access-date=January 9, 2019 |work=[[The Japan Times]] |archive-date=January 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205506/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2018/03/10/food/norwegian-campaign-behind-japans-love-salmon-sushi/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NorwegianSalmonIntroduction">{{cite web |author=Norway Exports |date=8 April 2011 |url=http://www.nortrade.com/sectors/articles/norways-introduction-of-salmon-sushi-to-japan/ |title=Norway's Introduction of Salmon Sushi to Japan |publisher=Nortrade |access-date=19 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128182604/http://www.nortrade.com/sectors/articles/norways-introduction-of-salmon-sushi-to-japan/ |archive-date=28 January 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=desperate>{{Cite news |first=Jess |last=Jiang |date=18 September 2015 |title=How the Desperate Norwegian Salmon Industry Created a Sushi Staple |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/09/18/441530790/how-the-desperate-norwegian-salmon-industry-created-a-sushi-staple |work=[[All Things Considered]] |department=''[[Planet Money]]'' (blog/podcast) |publisher=[[NPR]] |access-date=19 September 2015 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424211018/https://www.npr.org/2015/09/18/441530790/how-the-desperate-norwegian-salmon-industry-created-a-sushi-staple |url-status=live }}</ref>

Other sushi creations to suit the Western palate were initially fueled by the invention of the [[California roll]], a {{transliteration|ja|[[#Makizushi|norimaki]]}} which presently almost always uses [[Crab stick|imitation crab]] (the original recipe calls for real cooked crab), along with avocado and cucumber.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hsin-I Feng |first=Cindy |date=February 29, 2012 |title=The Tale of Sushi: History and Regulations |url=https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00180.x |journal=Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety |language=en |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=205–220 |doi=10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00180.x |issn=1541-4337}}</ref> A wide variety of popular rolls ({{transliteration|ja|norimaki}} and {{transliteration|ja|[[#Uramaki|uramaki]]}}) have evolved since. 

The identity of the creator of the California roll is disputed. Several chefs from [[Los Angeles]] have been cited as the dish's originator, as well as one chef from [[Vancouver]], British Columbia.

The earliest mention in print of a 'California roll' was in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' and an [[Ocala, Florida]] newspaper on November 25, 1979.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Andrew F. |title=American Tuna: The Rise and Fall of an Improbable Food. |publisher=University of California Press |year=2012 |pages=91. and notes 31 and 32}}</ref> Less than a month later an [[Associated Press]] story credited a Los Angeles chef named Ken Seusa at the Kin Jo sushi restaurant near [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] as its inventor. The AP article cited Mrs. Fuji Wade, manager of the restaurant, as its source for the claim.<ref name=":1" /> 

Others<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Sushi: The Story of the California Roll |url=https://blog.liebherr.com/appliances/us/food/sushi-story-california-roll/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=FreshMAG US |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Tomicki |first=Hadley |date=2012-10-24 |title=Will The Real Inventor of The California Roll Please Stand Up? |url=https://www.grubstreet.com/2012/10/inventor-claims-california-roll-sushi.html |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Grub Street |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2017-08-14 |title=The History Of The California Roll {{!}} International Drive Japanese Steakhouse And Seafood |url=https://www.shogunorlando.com/the-history-of-the-california-roll/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=www.shogunorlando.com |language=en-US}}</ref> attribute the dish to Ichiro Mashita, another Los Angeles sushi [[chef]] from the former [[Little Tokyo, Los Angeles|Little Tokyo]] restaurant "Tokyo Kaikan".<ref>{{Cite book |title=Asian American history and culture: an encyclopedia |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-47644-3 |editor-last=Austin |editor-first=Allan W. |location=London New York |pages=1265 |editor-last2=Ling |editor-first2=Huping}}</ref> According to this account, Mashita began substituting the ''[[Chūtoro|toro]]'' (fatty [[Tuna as food|tuna]]) with avocado in the off-season, and after further experimentation, developed the prototype, back in the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Corson |first=Trevor |title=The story of sushi: an unlikely saga of raw fish and rice |date=2008 |publisher=Perennial |isbn=978-0-06-088351-5 |location=New York}}</ref>

Japanese-born chef [[Hidekazu Tojo]], a resident of Vancouver since 1971 is also credited,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> claiming he created the California roll at his restaurant in the late 1970s.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-10-23 |title=Meet the man behind the California roll |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/food-trends/meet-the-man-behind-the-california-roll/article4631256/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |work=The Globe and Mail |language=en-CA}}</ref> Tojo insists he is the innovator of the "inside-out" sushi, and it got the name "California roll" because its contents of crab and avocado were abbreviated to C.A., which is the abbreviation for the state of [[California]]. Because of this coincidence, Tojo was set on the name California Roll. According to Tojo, he single-handedly created the California roll at his Vancouver restaurant, including all the modern ingredients of cucumber, cooked crab, and avocado.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The California Roll Was Invented in Canada {{!}} Ghostarchive |url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/3SwX8ANq7Ls |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=ghostarchive.org}}</ref> In 2016 the [[Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)|Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]] named Tojo a [[goodwill ambassador]] for Japanese cuisine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Jun 10, 2016 |title=Vancouver chef Tojo honoured by Japanese government |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/tojo-1.3628563 |website=CBC.ca |publisher=The Canadian Press}}</ref>

The common theme in origin stories is that surrounding the roll in rice made it more appealing to western consumers who had never eaten traditional sushi. This innovation led to the eventual creation of countless rolls across North America and the world.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

For example, the 'Norway roll' is another variant of {{transliteration|ja|uramakizushi}} filled with {{transliteration|ja|tamago}} (omelette), imitation crab and cucumber, rolled with {{transliteration|ja|shiso}} leaf and {{transliteration|ja|nori}}, topped with slices of Norwegian salmon, garnished with lemon and mayonnaise.<ref>{{cite web |title = Norway Roll of Umegaoka Sushi No Midori Sohonten Shibuya |url = https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g1066456-d1678469-i55468107-Umegaoka_Sushi_No_Midori_Sohonten_Shibuya-Shibuya_Tokyo_Tokyo_Prefecture.html |access-date = 2016-05-09 |archive-date = 2016-08-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160806034854/https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g1066456-d1678469-i55468107-Umegaoka_Sushi_No_Midori_Sohonten_Shibuya-Shibuya_Tokyo_Tokyo_Prefecture.html |url-status = live }}</ref>

===''Uramaki''===
{{redirect|Uramaki|the song|Uramaki (song)}}
[[File:Western Sushi.jpg|thumb|right|{{transliteration|ja|Uramakizushi}} rolls]]
{{nihongo3|"inside-out roll"|裏巻|Uramaki}} is a medium-sized cylindrical style of sushi with two or more fillings and was developed as a result of the creation of the California roll, as a method originally meant to hide the nori. {{transliteration|ja|Uramaki}} differs from other {{transliteration|ja|makimono}} because the rice is on the outside and the nori inside. The filling is surrounded by nori, then a layer of rice, and optionally an outer coating of some other ingredients such as roe or toasted [[Sesame|sesame seeds]]. It can be made with different fillings, such as tuna, crab meat, avocado, mayonnaise, cucumber, or carrots.

Examples of variations include the [[rainbow roll]] (an inside-out topped with thinly sliced {{transliteration|ja|maguro, hamachi, ebi, sake}} and avocado) and the caterpillar roll (an inside-out topped with thinly sliced avocado). Also commonly found is the "rock and roll" (an inside-out roll with barbecued freshwater eel and avocado with toasted sesame seeds on the outside).

In Japan, {{transliteration|ja|uramaki}} is an uncommon type of {{transliteration|ja|makimono}}; because sushi is traditionally eaten by hand in Japan, the outer layer of rice can be quite difficult to handle with fingers.<ref name="sushimasters">{{cite web |url=http://www.calrice.org/Cuisine/History+of+Sushi/Sushi+Pioneers.htm |title=Sushi Pioneers |work=SushiMasters |access-date=2008-07-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411172107/http://www.calrice.org/Cuisine/History+of+Sushi/Sushi+Pioneers.htm |archive-date=2013-04-11 }}</ref>

In Brazil {{transliteration|ja|uramaki}} and other sushi pieces commonly include cream cheese in their recipe. Although unheard of in Japanese sushi, this is the most common sushi ingredient used in Brazil. {{transliteration|ja|Temaki}} also often contains a large amount of cream cheese and is extremely popular in restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.otempo.com.br/mobile/gastro/tradicao-x-modernidade-na-comida-japonesa-1.1103456?amp|title=Tradição X modernidade na comida japonesa &#124; O TEMPO|website=www.otempo.com.br|access-date=2021-06-17|archive-date=2021-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617105644/https://www.otempo.com.br/mobile/gastro/tradicao-x-modernidade-na-comida-japonesa-1.1103456?amp|url-status=live}}</ref>

===American-style {{transliteration|ja|makizushi}}===
[[File:Golden Maki Rainbow Roll sushi.jpg|thumb|Rainbow roll, {{transliteration|ja|uramaki}} with multiple fillings including shrimp tempura, salmon, avocado, mango, with rice mixed with {{transliteration|ja|tobiko}}]]
Multiple-filling rolls inspired by {{transliteration|ja|[[#Makizushi|futomaki]]}} are a more popular type of sushi within the United States and come in variations that take their names from their places of origin. Other rolls may include a variety of ingredients, including chopped [[scallop]]s, [[Spicy tuna roll|spicy tuna]], beef or chicken [[teriyaki]] roll, [[okra]], and assorted [[vegetable]]s such as cucumber and avocado, and the tempura roll, where shrimp tempura is inside the roll or the entire roll is battered and fried tempura-style. In the Southern United States, many sushi restaurants prepare rolls using [[crawfish]]. Sometimes, rolls are made with [[brown rice]] or [[black rice]], known as forbidden rice, which appear in Japanese cuisine as well.

Per [[Food and Drug Administration]] regulations, raw fish served in the United States must be frozen before serving to kill parasites.<ref>{{cite news |author=Julia Moskin |title=Sushi Fresh From the Deep. .. the Deep Freeze |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/08/nyregion/sushi-fresh-from-the-deep-the-deep-freeze.html |quote=Most would be even more surprised to learn that if the sushi has not been frozen, it is illegal to serve it in the United States. Food and Drug Administration regulations stipulate that fish to be eaten raw – whether as sushi, sashimi, seviche, or tartare – must be frozen first to kill parasites. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 8, 2004 |access-date=2013-12-23 |archive-date=2014-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106075149/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/08/nyregion/sushi-fresh-from-the-deep-the-deep-freeze.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since rolls are often made to order, it is not unusual for the customer to specify the exact ingredients desired (e.g., salmon roll, cucumber roll, avocado roll, tuna roll, shrimp or tuna [[tempura]] roll, etc.). Though the menu names of dishes often vary by restaurant, some examples include the following:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Image
!Sushi roll name
!Definition
|-
|
|Alaskan roll
|A variant of the [[California roll]] with smoked salmon on the inside or layered on the outside.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alaska Roll|url=http://www.sushisama.com/AlaskaRoll.aspx|publisher=Sushi Sama|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218092542/http://www.sushisama.com/AlaskaRoll.aspx|archive-date=18 December 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|
|Boston roll
|An {{transliteration|ja|uramaki}} [[California roll]] with [[poaching (cooking)|poached]] [[Shrimp (food)|shrimp]] instead of [[imitation crab]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Boston Roll Recipe|url=http://www.sushiencyclopedia.com/sushi_roll_recipes/boston_roll_recipe.html|publisher=Sushi Encyclopedia|access-date=15 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009012119/http://www.sushiencyclopedia.com/sushi_roll_recipes/boston_roll_recipe.html|archive-date=9 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:BC Roll.jpg|120px]]
|[[B.C. roll|British Columbia roll]]
|A roll containing grilled or barbecued salmon skin, cucumber, and sweet sauce, sometimes with [[roe]]. Also sometimes referred to as salmon skin rolls outside of [[British Columbia]], Canada.<ref>{{cite web|title=What is a BC Roll?|url=http://sushiindex.com/?p=6|publisher=The Sushi Index|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=11 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211094407/http://sushiindex.com/?p=6|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Maki a un restaurant japonés de Xàbia.jpg|120px]]
|[[California roll]]
|A roll consisting of [[avocado]], {{transliteration|ja|kani kama}} (imitation crab/[[crab stick]]) (also can contain real crab in "premium" varieties), [[cucumber]], and {{transliteration|ja|[[tobiko]]}}, often made as {{transliteration|ja|uramaki}} (with rice on the outside, nori on the inside).<ref>{{cite web|title=California Roll|url=http://sushisama.com/CaliforniaRoll.aspx|publisher=Sushi Sama|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218092542/http://sushisama.com/CaliforniaRoll.aspx|archive-date=18 December 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Golden Maki Vegetarian Dragon sushi roll.jpg|120px]]
|Dragon roll
|A rolling containing fillings such as shrimp tempura, cucumber, and unagi, and is wrapped distinctively with avocado on the outside. Also commonly called a "Caterpillar Roll", its avocado exterior is said to resemble the scales of a dragon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-29 |title=Dragon Roll Recipe - Sushi Roll Recipes - Sushi Encyclopedia |url=http://www.sushiencyclopedia.com/sushi_roll_recipes/dragon_roll_recipe.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629062625/http://www.sushiencyclopedia.com/sushi_roll_recipes/dragon_roll_recipe.html |archive-date=June 29, 2013 }}</ref> 
|-
|[[File:Dynamite rolls.jpg|120px]]
|[[Dynamite roll]]
|A roll including [[Japanese amberjack|yellowtail]] ({{transliteration|ja|hamachi}}) or prawn tempura, and fillings such as bean sprouts, carrots, avocado, cucumber, chili, spicy mayonnaise, and roe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dynamite Roll Recipe|url=http://www.japanesesushirecipes.info/dynamite-roll-recipe.html|publisher=Japanese Sushi Recipes|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=13 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713111420/http://www.japanesesushirecipes.info/dynamite-roll-recipe.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|
|Hawaiian roll
|A roll containing {{transliteration|ja|[[shōyu]]}} tuna (canned), {{transliteration|ja|[[Tamagoyaki|tamago]]}}, {{transliteration|ja|kanpyō}}, {{transliteration|ja|[[kamaboko]]}}, and the distinctive red and green {{transliteration|ja|hana ebi}} (shrimp powder).<ref>{{cite web|last=Frisch|first=Eleanor|title=Japanese and Western Types of Sushi|url=http://www.foodservicewarehouse.com/education/japanese-and-western-types-of-sushi/c27582.aspx|publisher=Food Service Warehouse|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=15 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115001631/http://www.foodservicewarehouse.com/education/japanese-and-western-types-of-sushi/c27582.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|
|Mango roll
|A roll including fillings such as avocado, crab meat, tempura shrimp, and mango slices, and topped off with a creamy mango paste.<ref>{{cite web|last=De Laurentiis|first=Giada|title=Crab, Avocado and Mango Roll|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/crab-avocado-and-mango-rollcrab-avocado-and-mango-roll-recipe/index.html|publisher=Food Network|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=19 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219021843/http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/crab-avocado-and-mango-rollcrab-avocado-and-mango-roll-recipe/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|
|Michigan roll
|A roll including fillings such as spicy tuna, smelt roe, spicy sauce, avocado, and sushi rice. It is a variation on a spicy tuna roll.<ref>{{cite web|title=Michigan Roll Recipe|url=http://www.sushiencyclopedia.com/sushi_roll_recipes/michigan_roll_recipe.html|publisher=The Sushi Encyclopedia|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=17 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117212301/http://www.sushiencyclopedia.com/sushi_roll_recipes/michigan_roll_recipe.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|
|New Mexico roll
|A roll originating in [[New Mexico]]; includes [[New Mexico green chile]] (sometimes tempura-fried), teriyaki sauce, and rice.<ref>{{cite web|last=Romero|first=David|title=Green chile prominently featured in sushi roll|url=http://krqe.com/2015/07/13/green-chile-prominently-featured-in-sushi-roll/|publisher=[[KRQE]]|access-date=16 May 2016|date=2015-07-13|archive-date=2016-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506064743/http://krqe.com/2015/07/13/green-chile-prominently-featured-in-sushi-roll/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Garduño|first=Gil|title=I Love Sushi – Albuquerque, New Mexico|url=http://www.nmgastronome.com/?p=298|publisher=Gil's Thrilling (And Filling) Blog|access-date=16 May 2016|date=2011-10-29|archive-date=2016-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610042104/http://www.nmgastronome.com/?p=298|url-status=live}}</ref> Sometimes simply referred to as a "green chile (tempura) roll" within the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sushi order form|url=http://www.japanesekitchen.com/SushiOrderForm.html|publisher=Japanese Kitchen Albuquerque|access-date=16 May 2016|archive-date=1 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201161701/http://japanesekitchen.com/SushiOrderForm.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sushi order form|url=http://nagomirestaurantabq.com/Sushi.html|publisher=Nagomi Restaurant ABQ|access-date=16 May 2016|archive-date=2 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502041106/http://nagomirestaurantabq.com/Sushi.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Philly roll.jpg|120px]]
|[[Philadelphia roll]]
|A roll consisting of raw or smoked salmon and [[cream cheese]] (the name refers to [[Philadelphia cream cheese]]), with cucumber, avocado, and/or scallion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Roll Recipe|url=http://www.sushiencyclopedia.com/sushi_roll_recipes/philadelphia_roll_recipe.html|publisher=Sushi Encyclopedia|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=28 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028121138/http://www.sushiencyclopedia.com/sushi_roll_recipes/philadelphia_roll_recipe.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Functionally synonymous with Japanese bagel (JB) roll and Seattle roll.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spicy Seattle Tuna Rolls|date=12 July 2011|url=http://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/spicy-seattle-tuna-rolls#recipe-ingredients|publisher=Bon Appetit|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=7 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307024053/http://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/spicy-seattle-tuna-rolls#recipe-ingredients|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Golden Maki Rainbow Roll sushi.jpg|120px]]
|[[Rainbow roll]]
|A California {{transliteration|ja|uramaki}} roll with multiple types of fish (commonly yellowtail, tuna, salmon, snapper, white fish, eel, etc.) and avocado wrapped around it.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rainbow Roll Recipe|url=http://www.sushiencyclopedia.com/sushi_roll_recipes/rainbow_roll_recipe.html|publisher=Sushi Encyclopedia|access-date=11 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627194753/http://www.sushiencyclopedia.com/sushi_roll_recipes/rainbow_roll_recipe.html|archive-date=27 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Crunchy Spicy Tuna, big eye tuna, shiso panko, togarashi ($21) (32807112472).jpg|120px]]
|[[Spicy tuna roll]]
|A roll including raw tuna mixed with sriracha mayonnaise.
|-
|[[File:Spider Roll 2010.jpg|120px]]
|[[Spider roll]]
|A roll including fried [[soft-shell crab]] and other fillings such as cucumber, avocado, daikon sprouts or lettuce, roe, and sometimes spicy mayonnaise.<ref>{{cite web|last=Moonen|first=Rick|title=Spider Roll|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/spider-roll-recipe/index.html|publisher=Food Network|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=17 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117184035/http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/spider-roll-recipe/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Sushirrito. Burrito sized sushi rolls. Supersize me ethnic style - 5465986273.jpg|120px]]
|[[Sushi burrito]]
|A large, customizable roll offered in several "sushi burrito" restaurants in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kearns|first=Landess|title=Sushi Burritos Prove You Really Can Have It All|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/19/sushi-burrito-recipe-how-to-make_n_7608466.html|access-date=14 May 2017|newspaper=Huffington Post|date=2015-06-19|archive-date=2017-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627021728/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/19/sushi-burrito-recipe-how-to-make_n_7608466.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Australia===
{{multiple image
 | width = 220
 | image1 = Sushi Rolls - 洪洪烧腊 (884848201).jpg
 | caption1 = Australian sushi from a restaurant in [[Melbourne]]. The fillings from top to bottom are tobiko, fried chicken and California.
 | image2 = Today Special California Roll, Spicy Tuna Sushi - Diane Sushi AUD1.60, AUD1.80 - k850i (4330232606).jpg
 | caption2 = Australian California roll and tuna roll, served in a bag as a takeaway snack.
}}

Australian sushi is a thick hand roll made from half a standard sheet of nori. It is similar to {{transliteration|ja|[[#Makizushi|futomaki]]}} thick rolls; however, it is often served uncut as a on-the-go snack.<ref name="AusSushi">{{cite news |last1=Liaw |first1=Adam |title=Yes, 'Australian sushi' exists. Get over it, argues Adam Liaw |url=https://www.smh.com.au/goodfood/eating-out/yes-australian-sushi-exists-get-over-it-argues-adam-liaw-20231123-p5em7w.html |access-date=25 September 2024 |work=Good Food |agency=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Typical fillings in Australian sushi include teriyaki chicken, salmon and avocado, tuna, and prawn.<ref>{{cite news |last1=House |first1=Moriah |title=What Sets Australian-Style Sushi Apart From The Rest |url=https://www.thetakeout.com/1609695/what-australian-style-sushi-explained/ |access-date=25 September 2024 |work=The Takeout |date=30 June 2024}}</ref> Australian California rolls are very different from American California rolls, with the nori wraps the rice and fillings always on the outside, and no {{transliteration|ja|[[tobiko]]}} nor cream cheese. 

Contrary to sushi in Japan and other countries being a high-end food, it is widely available in affordable takeaway joints in Australia.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hariharan |first1=Annie |title=Cheap sushi and bountiful cheese: what stands out about eating in Australia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/jun/24/cheap-sushi-and-bountiful-cheese-what-stands-out-about-eating-in-australia |access-date=25 September 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=23 June 2020}}</ref> Sushi in Japanese restaurants has existed in Australia since the 1950s, but the first Australian-style sushi only appeared in 1995, in a stall called Sushi-Jin in the Target Centre food court at 246 [[Bourke Street]], Melbourne. The owner, Toshihiro Shindo, started selling takeaway sushi rolls which he adapted to Australian tastes. The store closed in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Connell |first1=Jan |title=Takeaway sushi in Australia - Australian food history timeline |url=https://australianfoodtimeline.com.au/takeaway-sushi/ |website=Australian Food Timeline |access-date=25 September 2024 |language=en-AU |date=28 September 1990}}</ref> As of 2024, Japanese cuisine is the most popular cuisine in Australia with sushi as the third overall most popular food item, after hot dogs and pizza.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Woodley |first1=Melissa |title=Australia's favourite cuisine has been revealed – and the results will make you hungry |url=https://www.timeout.com/australia/news/australias-favourite-cuisine-has-just-been-revealed-060324 |access-date=25 September 2024 |work=TimeOut |date=3 June 2024}}</ref>

Australian sushi has grown in popularity in recent years, with its influence extending beyond Australia into the [[United Kingdom]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Buccheri |first1=Rory |title=First Australian-style sushi on-the-go brand to open in Manchester |url=https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/news/first-australian-style-sushi-on-the-go-brand-to-open-in-manchester/694270.article |access-date=25 September 2024 |agency=[[The Grocer]] |date=8 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> and [[United States]], which has sparked an online controversy after the opening of Sushi Counter in [[West Village]], [[New York City]]. People accused the owner of [[cultural appropriation]] and left negative reviews,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Lauren |title=Is it racist for a white woman to sell sushi? |url=https://www.spiked-online.com/2023/10/24/is-it-racist-for-a-white-woman-to-sell-sushi/ |access-date=25 September 2024 |work=www.spiked-online.com |agency=Spiked |date=24 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Woman Called 'Coloniser' For Opening 'Australian-Style Sushi' Restaurant In New York |url=https://10play.com.au/theproject/articles/woman-called-coloniser-for-opening-australian-style-sushi-restaurant-in-new-york/tpa231027kadqw |access-date=25 September 2024 |work=10 play |publisher=[[Network 10]] |date=27 October 2023 |language=en-AU}}</ref> prompting Google to remove all spam ratings from the restaurant location.

===Canada===
[[File:Vancouver sushi pieces dllu.jpg|thumb|Some examples of Canadian sushi, including {{nihongo|''aburi oshizushi''|炙り押し寿司}}, which was invented in [[Vancouver]], and sushi donut.]]

Many of the styles seen in the United States are also seen in Canada and their own. Doshi (a portmanteau of ''donut'' and ''sushi'') is a donut-shaped rice ball on a deep-fried crab or imitation crab cake topped with sushi ingredients.<ref>{{cite web|last=Peyton|first=Gabby|date=16 March 2017|title=10 questionable things Canada has done to sushi|url=http://dailyhive.com/vancouver/canada-weird-sushi-items-2017 |access-date=3 Nov 2021|website=DailyHIve}}</ref> Maki [[poutine]] is similar to {{transliteration|ja|makizushi}} in style except it is topped with cheese curds and gravy and contains duck [[confit]], more cheese curds, and sweet potato tempura.<ref>{{cite web|last=Staff|first=DH Montreal|date=2 March 2017|title=You have to try this insane Montreal sushi dish|url=http://dailyhive.com/montreal/montreal-sushi-dish-poutine |access-date=3 Nov 2021|website=DailyHIve}}</ref> Sushi cake is made of crab meat, avocado, shiitake mushroom, salmon, spicy tuna, and tobiko and served on sushi rice, then torched with spicy mayonnaise, barbecue sauce, and balsamic reduction, and dotted with caper and garlic chips.<ref>{{cite web|last=William-Ross|first=Lindsay|date=10 March 2017|title=Where to have your Sushi Cake...and eat it, too|url=http://dailyhive.com/vancouver/sushi-cake-kimu-vancouver |access-date=3 Nov 2021|website=DailyHIve}}</ref> [[Sushi pizza]] is deep-fried rice or crab/imitation crab cake topped with mayonnaise and various sushi ingredients.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chowhound|date=11 July 2008|title=Sushi Pizza- California specialty?! – General Discussion – Sushi|url=https://www.chowhound.com/post/sushi-pizza-california-specialty-537790?commentId=3862323|access-date=3 Nov 2021|website=Chowhound|archive-date=November 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103103647/https://www.chowhound.com/post/sushi-pizza-california-specialty-537790?commentId=3862323|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Mexico and the Western United States===
{{main|Sinaloan sushi}}

[[Sinaloan sushi]] originated in [[Sinaloa, Mexico]] and has been available in the Western United States since 2013.<ref>{{citation|work=[[Los Angeles Magazine]]|title=Oh No, There Goes Tokyo Roll—Sinaloa Style Sushi Invades Los Angeles|author=Bill Esparza|date=August 1, 2013|url=https://www.lamag.com/digestblog/oh-no-there-goes-tokyo-roll-sinaloa-style-sushi-invades-los-angeles/}}</ref>