Editing Surrey (section)

== Historic architecture and monuments ==
[[File:Bell Barrow, Horsell Common, Woking.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bronze Age Britain|Bronze Age]] [[bell barrow]] on [[Horsell Common]] near Woking<ref>{{NHLE|num=1009483|desc=Bell barrow and disc barrow on Horsell Common|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>|alt=mound covered with bracken and heather with coniferous forest beyond]]
Few traces of the ancient British and Roman periods survive in Surrey. There are a number of [[round barrow]]s and [[bell barrow]]s in various locations, mostly dating to the [[Bronze Age]]. Remains of [[Iron Age]] [[hillfort]]s exist at [[Holmbury Hill]], [[Hascombe Hill]], [[Capel, Surrey#Anstiebury|Anstiebury]] (near [[Capel, Surrey|Capel]]), [[Dry Hill (Surrey)|Dry Hill]] (near [[Lingfield, Surrey|Lingfield]]), [[St. Ann's Hill, Chertsey|St Ann's Hill]] ([[Chertsey]]) and [[St George's Hill]] ([[Weybridge]]).{{sfn|Drewett|Rudling|Gardiner|1988|pp=157-161}} Most of these sites were created in the 1st century BC and many were re-occupied during the middle of the 1st century AD.{{sfn|Dyer|1982|pp=235-239}} Only fragments of [[Stane Street (Chichester)|Stane Street]] and [[Ermine Street]], the [[Roman roads]] which crossed the county, remain.

Anglo-Saxon elements survive in a number of Surrey churches, notably at Guildford ([[St Mary's Church, Guildford|St Mary]]), Godalming ([[Church of St. Peter & St. Paul, Godalming|St Peter & St Paul]]), Stoke D'Abernon ([[St Mary's Church, Stoke d'Abernon|St Mary]]), [[Thursley]], [[Witley]], [[Compton, Guildford|Compton]] and [[Albury, Surrey|Albury]] (in ''Old Albury'').<ref>Nairn, Pevsner and Cherry, ''The Buildings of England: Surrey'', pp. 91, 166, 255–256, 273, 465, 484–485, 529.</ref>

Numerous medieval churches exist in Surrey, but the county's parish churches are typically relatively small and simple, and experienced particularly widespread destruction and remodelling of their form in the course of [[Victorian restoration]]. Important medieval<ref>See their highest grade I listings when searching for the places on the [http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/mapsearch.aspx English Heritage Listed Buildings map] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424060625/http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/mapsearch.aspx |date=24 April 2012 }}</ref> church interiors survive at [[Chaldon]], [[Lingfield, Surrey|Lingfield]], [[Stoke D'Abernon]], [[Compton, Guildford|Compton]] and [[Dunsfold]]. Large monastic churches fell into ruin after their institutions were dissolved, although fragments of [[Waverley Abbey]] and [[Newark Priory]] survive. Southwark Priory, no longer in Surrey has survived, though much altered, and is now [[Southwark Cathedral]]. [[Farnham Castle]] largely retains its medieval structure, while the keep and fragments of the curtain walls and palace buildings survive at [[Guildford Castle]].<ref>Nairn, Pevsner and Cherry, ''The Buildings of England: Surrey'', pp. 25–35, 140–141, 166–168, 200–201, 347–349, 380–381, 465–469, 502–504.</ref>

Very little non-military secular architecture survives in Surrey from earlier than the 15th century. Wholly or partially surviving houses and barns from that century, with considerable later modifications, include those at [[Wanborough Manor]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alexander |first1=Matthew |title=The Great Barn at Wanborough |publisher=Guildford County Council}}</ref> [[Bletchingley]], [[Littleton, Spelthorne|Littleton]], [[East Horsley]], [[Ewhurst, Surrey|Ewhurst]], [[Dockenfield]], [[Lingfield, Surrey|Lingfield]], [[Limpsfield]], [[Oxted]], [[Crowhurst Place]], [[Haslemere]] and [[Old Surrey Hall]].<ref>Nairn, Pevsner and Cherry, ''The Buildings of England: Surrey'', pp. 30, 35–36, 115–116, 177, 194, 227, 307, 344–345, 349–350, 352, 396, 403–404.</ref>

[[File:Abbotshospital.jpg|thumb|upright|The gate of [[Abbot's Hospital]], Guildford|alt=iron-gated entrance to brick-built building with yellow stone doorway]]
Major examples of [[Tudor period|16th-century]] architecture include the grand mid-century country houses of [[Loseley Park]] and [[Sutton Place, Surrey|Sutton Place]] and the old building of the [[Royal Grammar School, Guildford]], founded in 1509.<ref>Nairn, Pevsner and Cherry, ''The Buildings of England: Surrey'', pp. 278, 353–356, 476–479.</ref> A considerable number of smaller houses and [[public house]]s of the 16th century are also still standing. From the 17th century the number of surviving buildings proliferates further. [[Abbot's Hospital]], founded in 1619, is a grand edifice built in the [[Tudor architecture|Tudor style]], despite its date. More characteristic examples of major 17th-century building include [[West Horsley Place]], [[Slyfield Manor]], and the [[Guildford Guildhall|Guildhall]] in Guildford.<ref>Nairn, Pevsner and Cherry, ''The Buildings of England: Surrey'', pp. 36–40, 42–47, 275–276, 278–280, 459–460, 512–513.</ref>