Editing Stonewall Jackson (section)

===First Battle of Bull Run===
{{Main|Winchester, Virginia in the American Civil War}}
[[File:Jackson (2).jpg|thumb|left|upright|General Jackson by [[Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau]]]]

Jackson rose to prominence and earned his most famous nickname at the [[First Battle of Bull Run]] (First Manassas) on July 21, 1861. As the Confederate lines began to crumble under heavy Union assault, Jackson's brigade provided crucial reinforcements on Henry House Hill, demonstrating the discipline he instilled in his men. While under heavy fire for several continuous hours, Jackson received a wound, breaking the middle finger of his left hand about midway between the hand and knuckle, the ball passing on the side next to the index finger. The troops of South Carolina, commanded by Gen.&nbsp;[[Barnard Elliott Bee Jr.]]&nbsp;had been overwhelmed, and he rode up to Jackson in despair, exclaiming, "They are beating us back!" "Then," said Jackson, "we will give them the bayonet!" As he rode back to his command, Bee exhorted his own troops to re-form by shouting, "There is Jackson standing like a stone wall. Let us determine to die here, and we will conquer. Rally behind the Virginians!"<ref>Freeman, ''Lee's Lieutenants'', vol. 1, p. 82; Robertson, p. 264. McPherson, p. 342, reports the quotation after "stone wall" as being "Rally around the Virginians!"</ref> There is some controversy over Bee's statement and intent, which could not be clarified because he was killed almost immediately after speaking and none of his subordinate officers wrote reports of the battle. Major Burnett Rhett, chief of staff to General [[Joseph E. Johnston]], claimed that Bee was angry at Jackson's failure to come immediately to the relief of Bee's and [[Francis S. Bartow]]'s brigades while they were under heavy pressure. Those who subscribe to this opinion believe that Bee's statement was meant to be pejorative: "Look at Jackson standing there like a stone wall!"<ref>See, for instance, Goldfield, David, et al., ''The American Journey: A History of the United States'', Prentice Hall, 1999, {{ISBN|0-13-088243-7}}. There are additional controversies about what Bee said and whether he said anything at all. See Freeman, ''Lee's Lieutenants'', vol. 1, pp. 733–34.</ref>

Regardless of the controversy and the delay in relieving Bee, Jackson's brigade, which would thenceforth be known as the [[Stonewall Brigade]], stopped the Union assault and suffered more casualties than any other Southern brigade that day; Jackson has since then been generally known as Stonewall Jackson.<ref>McPherson, p. 342.</ref> During the battle, Jackson displayed a gesture common to him and held his left arm skyward with the palm facing forward – interpreted by his soldiers variously as an eccentricity or an entreaty to God for success in combat. His hand was struck by a bullet or a piece of shrapnel and he suffered a small loss of bone in his middle finger. He refused medical advice to have the finger amputated.<ref>Robertson, pp. 263, 268.</ref> After the battle, Jackson was promoted to [[Major General (CSA)|major general]] (October 7, 1861)<ref name=Eicher/> and given command of the [[Valley District]], with [[Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum|headquarters]] in [[Winchester, Virginia|Winchester]].