Editing Stanley Kubrick (section)

==== ''Barry Lyndon'' ====
''[[Barry Lyndon]]'' (1975) is an adaptation of [[William Makepeace Thackeray]]'s ''[[The Luck of Barry Lyndon]]'', a [[picaresque novel]] about the adventures of an 18th-century Irish rogue and social climber. [[John Calley]] of Warner Bros. agreed in 1972 to invest $2.5 million into the film, on condition that Kubrick approach major Hollywood stars, to ensure success.{{sfn|Baxter|1997|p=280}} Like previous films, Kubrick and his art department conducted an enormous amount of research on the 18th century. Extensive photographs were taken of locations and artwork in particular, and paintings were meticulously replicated from works of the great masters of the period in the film.{{sfn|LoBrutto|1999|p=381}}{{Efn|Kubrick told Ciment, "I created a picture file of thousands of drawings and paintings for every type of reference that we could have wanted. I think I destroyed every art book you could buy in a bookshop."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-cm-stanley-kubrick-lacma-paintings-pictures-photogallery.html |last=Ng |first=David |title=Stanley Kubrick's art world influences |work=Los Angeles Times |date=October 2, 2012 |accessdate=August 11, 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418175731/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-cm-stanley-kubrick-lacma-paintings-pictures-photogallery.html |archivedate=April 18, 2015}}</ref>}} The film was shot on location in Ireland, beginning in the autumn of 1973, at a cost of $11 million with a cast and crew of 170.{{sfn|Duncan|2003|p=157}} The decision to shoot in Ireland stemmed from the fact that it still retained many buildings from the 18th century period which England lacked.{{sfn|Baxter|1997|pp=283–4}} The production was problematic from the start, plagued with heavy rain and [[The Troubles|political strife involving Northern Ireland]] at the time.{{sfn|Baxter|1997|p=286}} After Kubrick received death threats from the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|IRA]] in 1974 due to the shooting scenes with English soldiers, he fled Ireland with his family on a ferry from [[Dún Laoghaire]] under an assumed identity and resumed filming in England.{{sfnm|1a1=Baxter|1y=1997|1p=289|2a1=Duncan|2y=2003|2p=153}}
[[File:William Hogarth 035.jpg|thumb|left|[[William Hogarth]]'s ''The Country Dance'' (c. 1745) illustrates the type of interior scene that Kubrick sought to emulate with ''Barry Lyndon''.]]
Baxter notes that ''Barry Lyndon'' was the film which made Kubrick notorious for paying scrupulous attention to detail, often demanding twenty or thirty retakes of the same scene to perfect his art.{{sfn|Baxter|1997|p=288}} Often considered to be his most authentic-looking picture,{{sfn|Duncan|2003|p=145}} the cinematography and lighting techniques that Kubrick and cinematographer [[John Alcott]] used in ''Barry Lyndon'' were highly innovative. Interior scenes were shot with a specially adapted high-speed f/0.7 [[Carl Zeiss AG|Zeiss]] camera lens originally developed for NASA to be used in satellite photography. The lenses allowed many scenes to be lit only with candlelight, creating two-dimensional, diffused-light images reminiscent of 18th-century paintings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/sk/ac/len/page1.htm |title=Two Special Lenses for ''Barry Lyndon'' |author=DiGiulio, El |publisher=American Cinematographer |accessdate=March 5, 2011 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510082012/http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/sk/ac/len/page1.htm |archivedate=May 10, 2011}}</ref> Cinematographer [[Allen Daviau]] states that the method gives the audience a way of seeing the characters and scenes as they would have been seen by people at the time.<ref name=camera>{{cite web |url=http://fstoppers.com/video/stanley-kubrick-films-natural-candlelight-insane-f07-lens-5049 |title=Stanley Kubrick Films Natural Candlelight With Insane f/0.7 Lens |publisher=Fstoppers.com |last=Hall |first=Patrick |date=October 7, 2012 |accessdate=August 17, 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003061726/http://fstoppers.com/video/stanley-kubrick-films-natural-candlelight-insane-f07-lens-5049 |archivedate=October 3, 2015}}</ref> Many of the fight scenes were shot with a hand-held camera to produce a "sense of documentary realism and immediacy".{{sfn|Duncan|2003|p=151}}

''Barry Lyndon'' found a great audience in France, but was a box office failure, grossing just $9.5 million in the American market, not even close to the $30 million Warner Bros. needed to generate a profit.{{Sfn|Baxter|1997|p=295}} The pace and length of ''Barry Lyndon'' at three hours put off many American critics and audiences, but the film was nominated for seven [[Academy Awards]] and won four, including Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Costume Design, and Best Musical Score, more than any other Kubrick film. As with most of Kubrick's films, ''Barry Lyndon''{{'}}s reputation has grown through the years and it is now considered to be one of his best, particularly among filmmakers and critics. Numerous polls, such as ''[[The Village Voice]]'' (1999),<ref>{{cite web |title=100 Best Films of the 20th Century: Village Voice Critics' Poll |url=http://www.filmsite.org/villvoice.html |publisher=Village Voice Media, Inc. |accessdate=August 17, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613044825/http://www.filmsite.org/villvoice.html |archivedate=June 13, 2016}}</ref> ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' (2002),<ref>{{cite web |title=Sight & Sound Top Ten Poll 2002 |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/polls/topten/poll/critics-long.html |publisher=British Film Institute |accessdate=August 17, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102071617/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/polls/topten/poll/critics-long.html |archivedate=January 2, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> and ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' (2005),<ref>{{cite news |last=Schickel |first=Richard |title=All-TIME 100 Movies: Barry Lyndon |url=https://entertainment.time.com/2005/02/12/all-time-100-movies/?slide=barry-lyndon-1975 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 12, 2005 |access-date=August 17, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630231341/http://entertainment.time.com/2005/02/12/all-time-100-movies/?slide=barry-lyndon-1975 |archive-date=June 30, 2015}}</ref> have rated it as one of the greatest films ever made. {{As of|2019|3}}, it has a 94% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 64 reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/barry_lyndon/ |title=Barry Lyndon (1975) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814034659/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/barry_lyndon/ |archivedate=August 14, 2015}}</ref> Ebert referred to it as "one of the most beautiful films ever made&nbsp;... certainly in every frame a Kubrick film: technically awesome, emotionally distant, remorseless in its doubt of human goodness".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/barry-lyndon-1975 |title=Barry Lyndon |publisher=RogerEbert.com |author=Ebert, Roger |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=August 17, 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822193703/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/barry-lyndon-1975 |archivedate=August 22, 2015}}</ref>