Editing Stainless steel (section)

=== Ferritic ===
{{main|Ferritic stainless steel}}

Ferritic stainless steels have a [[body-centered cubic]] crystal structure, are magnetic, and are hardenable by cold working, but not by heat treating. They contain between 10.5% and 27% chromium with very little or no nickel. Due to the near-absence of nickel, they are less expensive than austenitic stainless steels. Representative alloys include Type 409, Type 429, Type 430, and Type 446. Ferritic stainless steels are present in many products, which include:

* Automobile exhaust pipes<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Santacreu|first1=P-O|title=K4X: A new ferritic stainless steel grade with improved durability for high temperature exhaust manifolds|last2=Faivre|first2=L.|last3=Acher|first3=A.|last4=Leseux|first4=J.|publisher=Proceedings of 7th European Stainless Steel Science & Market (Como, Italy) Paper 25|year=2011}}</ref>
*Architectural and structural applications<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cashell|first1=K. A.|last2=Baddoo|first2=N.R.|date=2014|title=Ferritic stainless steels in structural applications|journal=Thin-walled Structures|publisher=Elsevier B.V.|volume=83|pages=169–181|doi=10.1016/j.tws.2014.03.014|url=https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9834|access-date=1 October 2021|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124152713/https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9834|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Building components, such as slate hooks, roofing, and chimney ducts{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}
*Power plates in [[solid oxide fuel cell]]s operating at temperatures around {{cvt|700|C|F|sigfig=2}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shaigan|first1=Nima|last2=Qu|first2=Wei|last3=Ivey|first3=Douglas|last4=Chen|first4=Weixing|date=2010|title=A review of recent progress in coatings, surface modifications and alloy developments for solid oxide fuel cell ferritic stainless steel interconnects|journal=Journal of Power Sources|publisher=Elsevier B.V.|volume=195|issue=6|pages=1529–1542|doi=10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.09.069|bibcode=2010JPS...195.1529S}}</ref>