Editing St Ives, Cornwall (section)

===Art===
{{main|St Ives School}}
[[J. M. W. Turner]] arrived in St Ives in 1811.<ref name="cornishrivieraholidays">{{cite web |title=A brief history of St Ives |url=https://www.cornishrivieraholidays.co.uk/about-st-ives/history-st-ives |website=Cormish Riviera Holidays |access-date=22 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> In 1884, [[James Whistler]] and [[Walter Sickert]] visited on the improved railway.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-st-ives/exhibition/dawn-colony/dawn-colony-studio |title=Dawn of a Colony: The Studio &#124; Tate |access-date=17 February 2022 |archive-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217221841/https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-st-ives/exhibition/dawn-colony/dawn-colony-studio |url-status=dead }}</ref>  [[Bernard Leach]] and [[Shōji Hamada]] set up the [[Leach Pottery]] in 1920. Leach, who was a [[studio potter]] and art teacher<ref>Cortazzi, Hugh. [http://www.japansociety.org.uk/reviews/05leach.html "Review of Emmanuel Cooper's ''Bernard Leach Life & Work.''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502023614/http://www.japansociety.org.uk/reviews/05leach.html |date=2 May 2008 }} Japan Society (UK).</ref> and is known as the "Father of British studio pottery",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collection.britishcouncil.org/html/artist/artist.aspx?id=18557|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080912153818/http://collection.britishcouncil.org/html/artist/artist.aspx?id=18557|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 September 2008|title=British Council|website=Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk|access-date=3 March 2011}}</ref> learned pottery under the direction of Shigekichi Urano (Kenzan VI) in [[Japan]] where he also met Shōji Hamada. They promoted pottery from the point of view of Western and Eastern arts and philosophies. Leach produced work until 1972, and the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] held an exhibition of his work in 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.studiopottery.com/cgi-bin/mp.cgi?item=3 |title=Bernard Leach |website=Studiopottery.com |access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> The Leach Pottery remains operational and houses a small museum showcasing work by Leach and his students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leachpottery.com/|title=The Leach Pottery|website=Leachpottery.com|access-date=11 June 2022}}</ref>

In 1928, the [[Cornish people|Cornish]] artist [[Alfred Wallis]] and [[Ben Nicholson]] and [[Christopher Wood (English painter)|Christopher Wood]] met at St Ives and laid the foundation for the [[St Ives School]] artists' colony there. In 1939, Ben Nicholson, [[Barbara Hepworth]] and [[Naum Gabo]] settled in St Ives, attracted by its beauty. In 1993, a branch of the [[Tate Gallery]], the Tate St Ives, opened.<ref name="tate" /> The Tate has owned the [[Barbara Hepworth Museum]] and her [[sculpture garden]] since 1980,<ref name="tate">{{cite web |title=History of Tate St Ives |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/about-us/history-tate/history-tate-st-ives |website=[[Tate St Ives]] |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> as well as her [[Palais de Danse, St Ives|Palais de Danse studio]] since 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tate St Ives acquires Barbara Hepworth's Palais de Danse workshop |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-33220498 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=29 March 2023 |date=22 June 2015}}</ref> The town attracted artists from overseas such as [[Maurice Sumray]] who moved from [[London]] in 1968,<ref>{{cite news | last = Davies | first = Peter | title = Obituary: Maurice Sumray – Offbeat St Ives painter| work = [[The Independent]] | date = 23 July 2004 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/maurice-sumray-550144.html | access-date = 30 August 2009 | location=London}}</ref>  and [[Piet Mondrian]], and continues to do so today with younger artists such as Michael Polat, who took up residence there from his native Germany in 1999.

Before the 1940s, most artists in St Ives and West Cornwall belonged to the St Ives Society of Artists, but events in the late 1940s led to a dispute between the [[Abstract art|abstract]] and [[Figurative art|figurative]] artists in the group.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} In 1948, the abstract faction broke away to form the [[Penwith Society of Artists]] led by Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson.

In 1962 [[Frederick Spratt]] took a sabbatical in Britain for one year, where he lived and painted representationally in St Ives.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

The studio pottery [[Troika Pottery|Troika]] was set up in 1963.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

In 2010, a [[BBC Four]] film, ''The Art of Cornwall'', presented by [[James Fox (art historian)|James Fox]] said that the St Ives artists "went on to produce some of the most exhilarating art of the twentieth century...for a few dazzling years this place was as famous as Paris, as exciting as New York and infinitely more progressive than London."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00wbn80 |title=The Art of Cornwall | work=[[BBC Four]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | location=UK |date=20 July 2015 |access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> The programme explored the lives and works of the key figures and their contributions in establishing St Ives as a major centre of British art from the 1920s onwards.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.artcornwall.org/The_Art_of_Cornwall_BBC4.htm | title=The Art of Cornwall | website=Artcornwall.org | access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>