Editing Slavery (section)

=== Private versus state-owned slaves ===
Slaves have been owned privately by individuals but have also been under state ownership. For example, the {{lang|ko-latn|[[kisaeng]]}} were women from low castes in pre modern Korea, who were owned by the state under government officials known as {{lang|ko-latn|hojang}} and were required to provide entertainment to the aristocracy. In the 2020s, in [[North Korea]], {{lang|ko-latn|[[Kippumjo]]}} ("Pleasure Brigades") are made up of women selected from the general population to serve as entertainers and as concubines to the rulers of North Korea.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indy100.com/news/kim-jongun-is-recruiting-a-pleasure-squad-of-teenage-girls-7296526 |title=Louis Dor (Saturday 30 April 2016) Kim Jong-un is recruiting a new 'pleasure squad' of teenage girls |date=April 30, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ryall |first1=Julian |title=Kim Jong-un brings back 'pleasure troupe' entertainers |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/11510664/Kim-Jong-un-brings-back-pleasure-troupe-entertainers.html |work=The Telegraph |date=2 April 2015 |language=en}}</ref> "Tribute labor" is compulsory labor for the state and has been used in various iterations such as [[corvée]], [[mit'a]] and [[repartimiento]]. The [[internment|internment camp]]s of [[totalitarian]] regimes such as the Nazis and the Soviet Union placed increasing importance on the labor provided in those camps, leading to a growing tendency among historians to designate such systems as slavery.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eurozine.com/from-private-to-state-slavery-and-back-again/#footnote-3|title=From private to state slavery and back again |publisher=[[Eurozine]] |access-date=August 12, 2021 |date=July 31, 2017 }}</ref>

A combination of these include the [[encomienda]] where the Spanish Crown granted private individuals the right to the free labour of a specified number of natives in a given area.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lockhart |first1=James |last2=Schwartz |first2=Stuart |title=Early Latin America |location=New York |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=138 |quote=The encomienda in its early heyday granted a lifetime monopoly on the utilization of temporary Indian labor in a given area to one Spaniard, the encomendero.}}</ref> In the "Red Rubber System" of both the [[Congo Free State]] and French ruled [[Ubangi-Shari]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/28/one-day-we-will-start-a-big-war-central-african-republic-un-violence/ |title=One day we will start a big war |magazine=[[Foreign Policy]] |access-date=February 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205203123/http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/28/one-day-we-will-start-a-big-war-central-african-republic-un-violence/ |archive-date=February 5, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> labour was demanded as taxation; private companies were conceded areas within which they were allowed to use any measures to increase rubber production.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stengers |first=Jean |author-link=Jean Stengers |chapter=The Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo before 1914 |editor1-last=Gann |editor1-first=L. H.|editor2-last=Duignan |editor2-first=Peter |title=Colonialism in Africa, 1870–1914 |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=272 |volume=I |year=1969}}</ref> [[Convict leasing]] was common in the Southern United States where the state would lease prisoners for their free labour to companies.