Editing Salamander (section)

===Camouflage and mimicry===
{{Further|Camouflage|mimicry}}

Although many salamanders have [[crypsis|cryptic]] colors so as to be unnoticeable, others [[aposematism|signal their toxicity]] by their [[animal coloration|vivid coloring]]. Yellow, orange, and red are the colors generally used, often with black for greater contrast. Sometimes, the animal postures if attacked, revealing a flash of warning hue on its underside. The red eft, the brightly colored terrestrial juvenile form of the [[eastern newt]] (''Notophthalmus viridescens''), is highly poisonous. It is avoided by birds and snakes, and can survive for up to 30 minutes after being swallowed (later being regurgitated).<ref name=Howard>{{cite journal |author1=Howard, Ronnie R. |author2=Brodie, Edmund D. Jr. |year=1973 |title=A Batesian mimetic complex in salamanders: responses of avian predators |journal=Herpetologica |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=33–41 |jstor=3891196 }}</ref> The [[red salamander]] (''Pseudotriton ruber'') is a palatable species with a similar coloring to the red eft. Predators that previously fed on it have been shown to avoid it after encountering red efts, an example of [[Batesian mimicry]].<ref name=Howard/> Other species exhibit similar mimicry. In California, the palatable yellow-eyed salamander (''Ensatina eschscholtzii'') closely resembles the toxic [[California newt]] (''Taricha torosa'') and the rough-skinned newt (''Taricha granulosa''), whereas in other parts of its range, it is cryptically colored.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kuchta, S. R. |author2=Krakauer, A. H. |author3=Sinervo, B |year=2008 |title=Why does the yellow-eyed ensatina have yellow eyes? Batesian mimicry of Pacific newts (genus ''Trachia'') by the salamander ''Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica'' |journal=Evolution |volume=62 |issue=4 |pages=984–990 |doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00338.x |pmid=18248632 |s2cid=998486 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A correlation exists between the toxicity of Californian salamander species and [[diurnality|diurnal]] habits: relatively harmless species like the [[California slender salamander]] (''Batrachoseps attenuatus'') are [[nocturnal]] and are eaten by snakes, while the California newt has many large poison glands in its skin, is diurnal, and is avoided by snakes.<ref>Cott, 1940. Page 204.</ref>