Editing Rose (section)

=== Perfume ===
{{further|Rose oil|Rose water}}
[[File:Geraniol structure.png|thumb|left|Geraniol ({{chem|C|10|H|18|O}})|class=skin-invert-image]]

Rose perfumes are made from [[rose oil]] (also called attar of roses), which is a mixture of volatile [[essential oil]]s obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of roses. An associated product is [[rose water]] which is used for cooking, cosmetics, medicine and religious practices. The production technique originated in [[Iran|Persia]]<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Ali |last1=Nikbakht |first2=M.A. |last2=Kafi |title=A study on the relationships between Iranian people and Damask rose (''Rosa damascena'') and its therapeutic and healing properties |journal=Acta Horticulturae |volume=790 |pages=251–4 |date=January 2004 |issue=790 |doi=10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.790.36  |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260293005 |quote=The origin of Damask rose is the Middle East and it is the national flower of Iran. Rose oil usage dates back to ancient civilization of Persia. Avicenna, the 10th century Persian physician, distilled its petals for medical purposes and commercial distillery existed in 1612 in Shiraz, Persia. }}</ref> and then spread through [[Arabia]] and India, and more recently into [[eastern Europe]]. In [[Bulgaria]], [[Iran]] and [[Germany]], damask roses ([[Rosa × damascena|''Rosa'' × ''damascena'']] 'Trigintipetala') are used. In other parts of the world [[Rosa × centifolia|''Rosa'' × ''centifolia'']] is commonly used. The oil is transparent pale yellow or yellow-grey in colour. 'Rose Absolute' is solvent-extracted with hexane and produces a darker oil, dark yellow to orange in colour. The weight of oil extracted is about one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, about two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil.

The main constituents of attar of roses are the fragrant [[Alcohol (chemistry)|alcohol]]s [[geraniol]] and L-[[citronellol]] and rose camphor, an odorless solid composed of [[alkane]]s, which separates from rose oil.<ref>{{cite book|author=Stewart, D.|year=2005|title=The Chemistry Of Essential Oils Made Simple: God's Love Manifest In Molecules|publisher=Care|isbn=978-0-934426-99-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJ3qKgNUljcC}}</ref> β-[[Damascenone]] is also a significant contributor to the scent.