Editing Recorder (musical instrument) (section)

=== Pitch ===
Modern recorders are most commonly [[Pitch (music)|pitched]] at A=440&nbsp;Hz, but among serious amateurs and professionals, other pitch standards are often found. For the performance of baroque music, A=415&nbsp;Hz is the ''de facto'' standard,<ref>Anthony Rowland-Jones: ''Playing Recorder Sonatas: Interpretation and technique'', Oxford University Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-19-879001-5}}, {{ISBN|978-0-19-879001-3}}. p. 20: "Today's makers of 'Baroque' instruments mostly seem content to compromise at a'=415"</ref> while pre-Baroque music is often performed at A=440&nbsp;Hz or A=466&nbsp;Hz.<ref>[[John M. Thomson|John Mansfield Thomson]], Anthony Rowland-Jones (editors): ''[[Cambridge Companions to Music|The Cambridge Companion to the Recorder]]'', Cambridge University Press, 1995; {{ISBN|0-521-35816-7}}. p. 178: "Renaissance recorders [...] are typically built at high pitch (a'=466 ...)"</ref> These pitch standards are intended to reflect the broad variation in pitch standards throughout the history of the recorder. In various regions, contexts, and time periods, pitch standards have varied from A=~392&nbsp;Hz to A=~520&nbsp;Hz. The pitches A=415&nbsp;Hz and A=466&nbsp;Hz, a semitone lower and a semitone higher than A=440&nbsp;Hz respectively, were chosen because they may be used with harpsichords or chamber organs that transpose up or down a semitone from A=440.<ref>David Jacques Way: [http://zhi.net/technical/pitch.shtml Harpsichord Pitch and Transposition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008225924/http://zhi.net/technical/pitch.shtml |date=8 October 2007 }}</ref> These pitch standards allow recorder players to collaborate with other instrumentalists at a pitch other than A=440&nbsp;Hz.

Some recorder makers produce instruments at pitches other than the three standard pitches above, and recorders with interchangeable bodies at different pitches.<ref>Jacqueline Sorel: "[http://www.sorel-recorders.nl/models/m01ganassiE.html Ganassi – Renaissance recorders"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126055823/http://sorel-recorders.nl/models/m01ganassiE.html |date=26 January 2009 }} and [http://www.sorel-recorders.nl/models/m10pricesexE.html "Complete price list excl VAT"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225031713/http://www.sorel-recorders.nl/models/m10pricesexE.html |date=25 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>Jacqueline Sorel, [http://www.sorel-recorders.nl/models/m05stanesbyE.html "Stanesby – Baroque alto recorder in F, A:403 Hz"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090127051250/http://sorel-recorders.nl/models/m05stanesbyE.html |date=27 January 2009 }}</ref>