Editing Raphael (section)

==Private life and death==
[[File:La Fornarina by Raffaello.jpg|thumb|''[[La Fornarina]]'', Raphael's mistress]]

From 1517 until his death, Raphael lived in the [[Palazzo Caprini]], lying at the corner between [[piazza Scossacavalli]] and [[borgo Nuovo (Rome)|via Alessandrina]] in the [[Borgo (rione of Rome)|Borgo]], in rather grand style in a palace designed by Bramante.<ref name=gi9246>{{cite book | author=Gigli, Laura | title=Guide rionali di Roma | volume=Borgo (II) | publisher=Fratelli Palombi Editori | location = Roma | issn=0393-2710 | year=1992 | language=it| page= 46}}</ref> He never married, but in 1514 became engaged to Maria Bibbiena, Cardinal Bibbiena's niece; he seems to have been talked into this by his friend the cardinal, and his lack of enthusiasm seems to be shown by the marriage not having taken place before she died in 1520.<ref name="autogenerated1">Vasari:230–31</ref> He is said to have had many affairs, but a permanent fixture in his life in Rome was "La Fornarina", [[Margherita Luti]], the daughter of a baker (''fornaro'') named Francesco Luti from Siena who lived at Via del Governo Vecchio.<ref>Art historians and doctors debate whether the right hand on the left breast in ''[[La Fornarina]]'' reveal a cancerous breast tumour detailed and disguised in a classic pose of love. "The Portrait of Breast Cancer and Raphael's La Fornarina", ''[[The Lancet]]'', December 21–28, 2002.</ref>

He was made a "[[Valet de chambre|Groom of the Chamber]]" of the Pope, which gave him status at court and an additional income, and also a knight of the Papal [[Order of the Golden Spur]]. Vasari claims that he had toyed with the ambition of becoming a cardinal, perhaps after some encouragement from Leo, which also may account for his delaying his marriage.<ref name="autogenerated1" />

Raphael died on [[Good Friday]], April 6, 1520, which was possibly his 37th birthday.{{efn|Raphael's age at death is debated by some, with Michiel asserting that Raphael died at 34, while Pandolfo Pico and Girolamo Lippomano argue that he died at 33.<ref name=Sherman573/>}} Vasari says that Raphael had also been born on a Good Friday, which in 1483 fell on March 28,{{efn|Whereas Michiel said he died on his birthday. Art historian John Shearman addressed this apparent discrepancy: "The time of death can be calculated from the convention of counting from sundown, which Michaelis puts at 6.36 on Friday 6 April, plus half-an-hour to Ave Maria, plus three hours, that is, soon after 10.00 pm. The coincidence noted between the birth-date and death-date is usually thought in this case (since it refers to the Friday and Saturday in Holy Week, the movable feast rather than the day of the month) to fortify the argument that Raphael was also born on Good Friday, i.e., 28 March 1483. But there is a notable ambiguity in Michiel's note, not often noticed: ''Morse ... Venerdi Santo venendo il Sabato, giorno della sua Nativita'', may also be taken to mean that his birthday was on Saturday, and in that case the awareness could as well be the date, thus producing a birth-date of 7 April 1483."<ref name=Sherman573/>}} and that the artist died from exhaustion brought on by unceasing romantic interests while he was working on the Loggia.{{sfn|Salmi et al.|1969|p=598}} Several other possibilities for his death have been raised by later historians and scientists,{{efn|Bufarale (1915) "diagnosed pneumonia or a military fever" while Portigliotti suggested pulmonary disease. Joannides stated that "Raphael died of over-work."<ref name=Sherman573>Shearman: 573.</ref>}} such as a combination of an infectious disease and [[bloodletting]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Riva|first1=Michele Augusto|last2=Paladino|first2=Maria Emilia|last3=Motta|first3=Marco|last4=Belingheri|first4=Michael|date=January 1, 2021|title=The death of Raphael: a reflection on bloodletting in the Renaissance|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02435-8|journal=Internal and Emergency Medicine|language=en|volume=16|issue=1|pages=243–244|doi=10.1007/s11739-020-02435-8|pmid=32666175|s2cid=220528453|issn=1970-9366}}</ref> In his acute illness, which lasted fifteen days, Raphael was composed enough to confess his sins, receive the [[last rites]], and put his affairs in order. He dictated his will, in which he left sufficient funds for his mistress's care, entrusted to his loyal servant Baviera, and left most of his studio contents to Giulio Romano and Penni. At his request, Raphael was buried in the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]].<ref>Vasari:231</ref>

Raphael's funeral was extremely grand, attended by large crowds. According to a journal by [[Paris de Grassis]],{{efn|Cited by [[Jean-M.-Vincent Audin]], although there is some uncertainty as to the journal's existence.{{sfn|Salmi et al.|1969|pp=598–99}}}} four cardinals dressed in purple carried his body, the hand of which was kissed by the Pope.{{sfn|Salmi et al.|1969|pp=598–99}} The inscription on Raphael's marble sarcophagus, an [[elegiac poetry|elegiac]] [[distich]] written by [[Pietro Bembo]], reads: "Here lies that famous Raphael by whom Nature feared to be conquered while he lived, and when he was dying, feared herself to die."{{efn|The original (in Latin): "Ille hic est Raffael, timuit quo sospite vinci, rerum magna parens et moriente mori".}}

<gallery perrow="4" widths="200px" heights="200px" caption="Self-portraits">
File:Raphael colonna 01.jpg|Probable self-portrait drawing by Raphael in his teens
File:Sanzio 01 Raphael.jpg|Self-portrait, Raphael in the background, from ''[[The School of Athens]]''
File:Raphael missing.jpg|''[[Portrait of a Young Man (Raphael)|Portrait of a Young Man]]'', 1514, lost during the Second World War. Possible self-portrait by Raphael.
File:Portrait de l'artiste avec un ami, by Raffaello Sanzio, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|Possible ''[[Self-portrait with a friend]]'', c. 1518
</gallery>