Editing Quinine (section)

==Society and culture==

===Natural occurrence===

The bark of ''[[Remijia]]'' contains 0.5–2% of quinine. The bark is cheaper than bark of ''[[Cinchona]]''. As it has an intense taste, it is used for making [[tonic water]].<ref name="Hobhouse">{{cite book |title=Šest rostlin, které změnily svět | vauthors = Hobhouse H |year=2004 |publisher=Akademie věd České republiky |location=Prague |isbn=978-80-200-1179-4 |pages=59 |language=cs }}</ref>

==={{anchor|Regulation in the US}} Regulation in the US===

From 1969 to 1992, the US [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) received 157 reports of health problems related to quinine use, including 23 which had resulted in death.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/fdac/departs/695_updates.html |title=FDA Orders Stop to Marketing of Quinine for Night Leg Cramps |access-date=31 July 2009 |date=July–August 1995 |work=FDA Consumer Magazine |publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115020839/https://www.fda.gov/fdac/departs/695_updates.html |archive-date=15 January 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1994, the FDA banned the marketing of [[Over-the-counter drug|over-the-counter]] quinine as a treatment for nocturnal leg cramps. [[Pfizer]] [[Pharmaceuticals]] had been selling the brand name Legatrin for this purpose. It is also sold as a softgel (by SmithKlineBeecham) as Q-vel.{{Citation needed|date=January 2016}} Doctors may still prescribe quinine, but the FDA has ordered firms to stop marketing unapproved drug products containing quinine. The FDA is also cautioning consumers about [[off-label use]] of quinine to treat leg cramps.<ref name="FDA Safety Communication" /><ref name="FDA risks" /> Quinine is approved for treatment of malaria, but was also commonly prescribed to treat leg cramps and similar conditions. Because malaria is life-threatening, the risks associated with quinine use are considered acceptable when used to treat that condition.<ref>{{cite press release | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=11 December 2006 | title=FDA Orders Unapproved Quinine Drugs from the Market and Cautions Consumers About Off-Label Use of Quinine to Treat Leg Cramps | url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108799.htm | access-date=31 July 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728012040/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108799.htm | archive-date=28 July 2009}}</ref>

Though Legatrin was banned by the FDA for the treatment of leg cramps, the drug manufacturer URL Mutual has branded a quinine-containing drug named Qualaquin. It is marketed as a treatment for malaria and is sold in the United States only by prescription. In 2004, the CDC reported only 1,347 confirmed cases of malaria in the United States.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Skarbinski J, James EM, Causer LM, Barber AM, Mali S, Nguyen-Dinh P, Roberts JM, Parise ME, Slutsker L, Newman RD | title = Malaria surveillance--United States, 2004 | journal = Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries | volume = 55 | issue = 4 | pages = 23–37 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16723971 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5301.pdf }}</ref>

=== Termination of pregnancy ===
For much of the 20th century, women's use of an overdose of quinine to deliberately terminate a pregnancy was a relatively common [[abortion]] method in various parts of the world, including China.<ref>{{Cite book | vauthors = Rodriguez SM |url= |title=Reproductive realities in modern China : birth control and abortion, 1911-2021 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-009-02733-5 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |pages=1 |oclc=1366057905}}</ref>

===Cutting agent===
Quinine is sometimes detected as a [[cutting agent]] in [[Illegal drug trade|street drugs]] such as [[cocaine]] and [[heroin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/dea/pr/micrograms/2009/mg1009.pdf | title = Dimethyltryptamine and Ecstasy Mimic Tablets (Actually Containing 5-Methoxy-Methylisopropyltryptamine) in Oregon |date=October 2009 |publisher=Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017234110/http://www.justice.gov/dea/pr/micrograms/2009/mg1009.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2012 |page=79|access-date=22 September 2012}}</ref>