Editing Psychosis (section)

=== Medical conditions ===
A very large number of medical conditions can cause psychosis, sometimes called ''secondary psychosis''.<ref name="Cardinal_2011_diagnosis_psychosis" /> Examples include:
* disorders causing ''[[delirium]]'' (''toxic psychosis''), in which consciousness is disturbed
* neurodevelopmental disorders and chromosomal abnormalities, including [[velocardiofacial syndrome]]
* neurodegenerative disorders, such as [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[dementia with Lewy bodies]], and [[Parkinson's disease]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Karameh WK, Murari G, Schweizer TA, Munoz DG, Fischer CE | title = Psychosis in neurodegenerative disorders: recent developments | language = en-US | journal = Current Opinion in Psychiatry | volume = 32 | issue = 2 | pages = 117–122 | date = March 2019 | pmid = 30520740 | doi = 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000476 | s2cid = 54560300 }}</ref>
* focal neurological disease, such as [[stroke]], [[brain tumor]]s,<ref name="Brain_tumor">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lisanby SH, Kohler C, Swanson CL, Gur RE | title = Psychosis Secondary to Brain Tumor | journal = Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 12–22 | date = January 1998 | pmid = 10085187 }}</ref> [[multiple sclerosis]],<ref name="Continuum" /> and some forms of [[epilepsy]]
* malignancy (typically via masses in the brain, [[paraneoplastic syndrome]]s)<ref name="Continuum" />
* infectious and postinfectious syndromes, including infections causing [[delirium]], [[viral encephalitis]], [[HIV/AIDS]],<ref name="Munjal 681–712">{{cite journal | vauthors = Munjal S, Ferrando SJ, Freyberg Z | title = Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Infectious Diseases: An Update | journal = Critical Care Clinics | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 681–712 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28601141 | pmc = 5771230 | doi = 10.1016/j.ccc.2017.03.007 }}</ref> [[malaria]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nevin RL, Croft AM | title = Psychiatric effects of malaria and anti-malarial drugs: historical and modern perspectives | journal = Malaria Journal | volume = 15 | pages = 332 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 27335053 | pmc = 4918116 | doi = 10.1186/s12936-016-1391-6 | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[syphilis]]<ref name="Munjal 681–712" />
* endocrine disease, such as [[hypothyroidism]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[Cushing's syndrome]], [[hypoparathyroidism]] and [[hyperparathyroidism]];<ref name=":6" /> sex hormones also affect psychotic symptoms and sometimes giving birth can provoke psychosis, termed [[postpartum psychosis]]<ref name=":7">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davies W |date=June 2017 |title=Understanding the pathophysiology of postpartum psychosis: Challenges and new approaches |journal=World Journal of Psychiatry |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=77–88 |doi=10.5498/wjp.v7.i2.77 |pmc=5491479 |pmid=28713685 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* inborn errors of metabolism, such as Wilson's disease, porphyria, and homocysteinemia.<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Turkel SB, Wong D, Randolph L |date=2020-09-01|title=Psychiatric Symptoms Associated with Inborn Errors of Metabolism |journal=SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine|language=en|volume=2|issue=9|pages=1646–1660|doi=10.1007/s42399-020-00403-z|s2cid=221130135|issn=2523-8973}}</ref>
* nutritional deficiency, such as [[vitamin B12 deficiency|vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency]]<ref name="Griswold" />
* other acquired metabolic disorders, including [[electrolyte]] disturbances such as [[hypocalcemia]], [[hypernatremia]], [[hyponatremia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]], [[hypermagnesemia]], [[hypercalcemia]], and [[hypophosphatemia]], but also [[hypoglycemia]], [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]], and failure of the [[liver]] or [[kidney]]s<ref name=":6">{{cite journal | vauthors = Skikic M, Arriola JA | title = First Episode Psychosis Medical Workup: Evidence-Informed Recommendations and Introduction to a Clinically Guided Approach | language = English | journal = Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | pages = 15–28 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 31708044 | doi = 10.1016/j.chc.2019.08.010 | s2cid = 207965670 }}</ref><ref name="Griswold"/>
* [[autoimmune]] and related disorders, such as [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] (lupus, SLE), [[sarcoidosis]], [[Hashimoto's encephalopathy]], [[anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis]], and [[non-celiac gluten sensitivity]]<ref name="LosurdoPrincipi2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Losurdo G, Principi M, Iannone A, Amoruso A, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, Barone M | title = Extra-intestinal manifestations of non-celiac gluten sensitivity: An expanding paradigm | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 24 | issue = 14 | pages = 1521–1530 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 29662290 | pmc = 5897856 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v24.i14.1521 | type = Review | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Najjar S, Steiner J, Najjar A, Bechter K | title = A clinical approach to new-onset psychosis associated with immune dysregulation: the concept of autoimmune psychosis | journal = Journal of Neuroinflammation | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 40 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29433523 | pmc = 5809809 | doi = 10.1186/s12974-018-1067-y | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* poisoning by a range of plants, fungi, metals, organic compounds, and a few animal toxins<ref name="Cardinal_2011_diagnosis_psychosis" />
* sleep disorders, such as in [[narcolepsy]] (in which [[REM sleep]] intrudes into wakefulness)<ref name="Cardinal_2011_diagnosis_psychosis" />
* parasitic diseases, such as [[neurocysticercosis]]