Editing Polyandry (section)

==Religious attitudes==
{{Religious text primary|section|date=September 2015}}

===Hinduism ===
[[Image:Pandavas with Draupadi OR ayudhapurushas facing Madhu Kaitabha.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Draupadi]] with her five husbands – the [[Pandavas]]. The central figure is [[Yudhishthira]]; the two to his left are [[Bhima]] and [[Arjuna]]. [[Nakula]] and [[Sahadeva]], the twins, are to his right. Their wife, at far right, is Draupadi. [[Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh|Deogarh]], [[Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh|Dashavatara Hindu Temple]].]]
There is at least one reference to polyandry in the ancient [[Hindu]] epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. [[Draupadi]] married the five [[Pandava]] brothers, as this is what she chose in a previous life. This ancient text remains largely neutral to the concept of polyandry, accepting this as her way of life.<ref>{{cite book |title=The position of women in Hindu civilization, from prehistoric times to the present day |last=Altekar |first=Anant Sadashiv |year=1959 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ |isbn=978-81-208-0324-4 |page=112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VYG4K0yYHQgC&pg=PA112 |access-date=October 14, 2010 |archive-date=September 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921050741/https://books.google.com/books?id=VYG4K0yYHQgC&pg=PA112 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, in the same epic, when questioned by [[Kunti]] to give an example of polyandry, [[Yudhishthira]] cites Jatila of the lineage of [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautama]] (married to the seven [[Saptarishi]]) and [[Hiranyaksha]]'s sister Pracheti (married to ten brothers), thereby implying a more open attitude toward polyandry in [[Hindu]] society.<ref name="sacred-texts">{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01199.htm|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Vaivahika Parva: Section CLXLVIII|website=Sacred-texts.com|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=19 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419174401/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01199.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Judaism===
The Hebrew Bible contains no examples of women married to more than one man,<ref>Coogan, Michael D., ''A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in Its Context'', Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 264, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2rxBAQAAIAAJ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102034034/https://books.google.com/books?id=2rxBAQAAIAAJ|date=2015-11-02}}</ref><ref>Bromiley, Geoffrey W., ''The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia'', Volume 1, Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1980, p. 262, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zkla5Gl_66oC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205165035/https://books.google.com/books?id=Zkla5Gl_66oC|date=2015-12-05}}</ref> but its description of [[adultery]] clearly implies that polyandry is unacceptable<ref>Fuchs, Esther, ''Sexual Politics in the Biblical Narrative: Reading the Hebrew Bible as a Woman'', Continuum International, 2000, p. 122, [https://books.google.com/books?id=xyvZT6PRsP0C] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030103524/https://books.google.com/books?id=xyvZT6PRsP0C|date=2015-10-30}}</ref><ref>Satlow, Michael L., ''Jewish Marriage in Antiquity'', Princeton University Press, 2001, p. 189, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-tCwHpLFKTYC]</ref> and the practice is unknown in Jewish tradition.<ref>Witte, John & Ellison, Eliza; ''Covenant Marriage In Comparative Perspective'', Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2005, p. 56, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9zY2vQ7NPPoC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015182548/https://books.google.com/books?id=9zY2vQ7NPPoC|date=2015-10-15}}</ref><ref>''Marriage, Sex And Family in Judaism'', Rowman & Littlefield, 2005, p. 90, [https://books.google.com/books?id=JFny1k_bv5cC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123175340/https://books.google.com/books?id=JFny1k_bv5cC|date=2015-11-23}}</ref> In addition, the children from other than the first husband are considered illegitimate (i.e., [[mamzer]]s), unless he has already divorced her or died,<ref>{{cite book |title=Principles of Conduct: Aspects of Biblical Ethics |last=Murray |first=John |year=1991 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-1144-8 |pages=250–256 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phoqAAaGMpUC&pg=PA250 |access-date=October 14, 2010 |archive-date=September 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921050741/https://books.google.com/books?id=phoqAAaGMpUC&pg=PA250 |url-status=live }}</ref> being a product of an adulterous relationship.

===Christianity===
Most [[Christianity|Christian]] denominations in the [[Western world]] strongly advocate [[monogamy|monogamous]] marriage, and a passage from the Pauline epistles<ref>{{bibleverse||1 Corinthians|7|NRSV}}</ref> can be interpreted as forbidding polyandry.

===Latter-Day Saints===
{{main|Mormonism and polygamy#Polyandry}}

[[Joseph Smith]], [[Brigham Young]], and other prominent early [[Mormons]] like [[Zina D. H. Young]], [[Sarah M. Cleveland]], [[Heber C. Kimball]], and [[Orson Hyde]], practiced religious [[Mormonism and polygamy#Polyandry|polyandry]] beginning in the mid-1800s.{{refn|<ref name=MormonPolyandry>{{Cite journal |last=Van Wagoner |first=Richard S. |date=1985-10-01 |title=Mormon Polyandry in Nauvoo |url=https://www.dialoguejournal.com/articles/mormon-polyandry-in-nauvoo/#pdf-wrap |journal=[[Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought|Dialogue]]|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |volume=18 |issue=3 |doi=10.2307/45227986 |issn=0012-2157|pp=2,23,78}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Nalley|first=James|title=Bethel’s Patty Bartlett Sessions: The Mother of Mormon Midwifery |url=https://issuu.com/discovermainemagazine/docs/2022_western_lakes_and_mountains/s/21465762 |magazine=Discover Maine|publisher=CreMark|location=Portland, Maine|date=2022|page=79}}</ref><ref name=Expanding>{{Cite journal |last=Hales |first=Brian C. |date=2024-04-01 |title=Joseph Smith's 'Polyandry': Expanding the Narrative |url=https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/jmh/article/50/2/105/386867/Joseph-Smith-s-Polyandry-Expanding-the-Narrative |journal=[[Journal of Mormon History]] |volume=50 |issue=2 |doi=10.5406/24736031.50.2.06 |url-access=subscription|issn=0094-7342|p=105}}</ref><ref name=Trajectory>{{Cite journal |last=Compton |first=Todd |author-link=Todd Compton|date=1996-07-01 |title=A Trajectory of Plurality: An Overview of Joseph Smith’s Thirty-three Plural Wives |url=https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V29N02_21.pdf |journal=[[Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought|Dialogue]] |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|volume=29 |issue=2 |doi=10.2307/45226184 |issn=0012-2157|p=22}}</ref>}} The performance of new polygamous marriages  in the [[Latter Day Saint movement]]'s largest denomination, the [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church), was partially ended by the [[1890 Manifesto]], and completely discontinued by the 1904 [[Second Manifesto]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Van Wagoner |first=Richard S. |url=https://archive.org/details/mormonpolygamyhi0000vanw_v2v1/mode/2up|url-access=registration|via=[[Internet Archive]] |title=Mormon Polygamy: A History |date=1989 |publisher=[[Signature Books]] |isbn=978-1-56085-303-9 |edition=2nd |oclc=681161668|pp=41–49, 242}}</ref><ref name=MormonPolyandry/> Existing polygamous marriages, including those of prominent LDS Church leaders, continued into the 1950s.<ref name=1950s>{{Cite web |last=Embry |first=Jessie L. |year=1994 |title=The History of Polygamy |url=https://heritage.utah.gov/history/uhg-history-polygamy-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107044102/https://heritage.utah.gov/history/uhg-history-polygamy-2 |archive-date=2018-11-07 |access-date=2018-12-31 |publisher=[[Utah State Historical Society]] |quote=Those involved in plural marriages after 1904 were excommunicated; and those married between 1890 and 1904 were not to have church callings where other members would have to sustain them. Although the Mormon church officially prohibited new plural marriages after 1904, many plural husbands and wives continued to cohabit until their deaths in the 1940s and 1950s.}}</ref>

===Islam===
According to [[Islamic marital law]], polyandry is forbidden.<ref name="Rehman2007">{{cite journal|last1=Rehman|first1=J.|title=The Sharia, Islamic Family Laws and International Human Rights Law: Examining the Theory and Practice of Polygamy and Talaq|journal=International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family|volume=21|issue=1|year=2007|page=114|issn=1360-9939|doi=10.1093/lawfam/ebl023|quote=Polyandry is not permitted, so that Muslim women cannot have more than one husband at the same time}}</ref><ref name="wing_2008">{{cite journal|last1=Wing|first1=AK|title=Twenty-First Century Loving: Nationality, Gender, and Religion in the Muslim World|journal=Fordham Law Review|date=2008|volume=76|issue=6|page=2900|quote=Muslim women can only marry one man; no polyandry is allowed.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |last=Ahmed |first=Mufti M. Mukarram |year=2005 |publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. |isbn=978-81-261-2339-1 |page=383 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkrQ8AbgD1sC&pg=PA383 |access-date=October 14, 2010}}</ref>