Editing Poison (section)

==History==
{{Main Article|History of poison}}
[[Image:Jan Matejko-Poisoning of Queen Bona.jpg|thumb|''Poisoning of Queen [[Bona Sforza|Bona]]'' by [[Jan Matejko]].]]

Throughout human history, intentional application of poison has been used as a method of [[murder]], [[pest-control]], [[suicide]], and [[execution]].<ref>[[Kautilya]] suggests employing means such as seduction, secret use of weapons, poison etc. S.D. Chamola, ''Kautilya Arthshastra and the Science of Management: Relevance for the Contemporary Society'', p. 40. {{ISBN|81-7871-126-5}}.</ref><ref>Kautilya urged detailed precautions against assassination—tasters for food, elaborate ways to detect poison. {{cite journal | doi = 10.1163/156851602760586671 | volume=3 | title=Moderate Machiavelli? Contrasting ''The Prince'' with the ''Arthashastra'' of Kautilya | year=2002 | journal=Critical Horizons: A Journal of Philosophy | pages=253–276 | author=Boesche Roger| issue=2 | s2cid=153703219 }}.</ref> As a method of execution, poison has been ingested, as the ancient Athenians did (see [[Socrates]]), inhaled, as with [[carbon monoxide]] or [[hydrogen cyanide]] (see [[gas chamber]]), injected (see [[lethal injection]]), or even as an [[enema]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The History of the Enema with Some Notes on Related Procedures (Part I) |author=Julius Friedenwald and Samuel Morrison |date=January 1940 |journal=Bulletin of the History of Medicine |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=113|jstor=44442727 }}</ref> Poison's lethal effect can be combined with its allegedly [[magic (paranormal)|magical]] powers; an example is the [[China|Chinese]] [[gu (poison)|''gu'' poison]]. Poison was also employed in [[gunpowder warfare]]. For example, the 14th-century Chinese text of the ''[[Huolongjing]]'' written by [[Jiao Yu]] outlined the use of a poisonous gunpowder mixture to fill [[cast iron]] [[grenade]] bombs.<ref name="needham volume 5 part 7 180">Needham, Joseph (1986). ''Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Part 7''. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. Page 180.</ref>

While [[arsenic poisoning|arsenic]] is a naturally occurring environmental poison, its artificial concentrate was once nicknamed [[slayer rule|inheritance powder]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prezi.com/3fp7yroxhyek/arsenic-the-inheritance-powder/|title=Arsenic The "Inheritance Powder."|last1=Yap|first1=Amber|date=14 November 2013|website=prezi.com|publisher=[[Prezi]]|access-date=19 March 2018}}</ref> In [[Middle Ages|Medieval]] Europe, it was common for [[monarch]]s to employ personal [[food taster]]s to thwart royal [[assassination]], in the dawning age of the [[Apothecary]].