Editing Pennsylvania (section)

===Race and ethnicity===
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Pennsylvania.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Ethnic origins of Pennsylvanians]]
The vast majority of Pennsylvania's population is made up of whites, blacks and Hispanics, with the latter two being minorities and having significant populations. Non-Hispanic Whites make up the majority of Pennsylvania; they are mostly descended from German, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Italian, and English immigrants. Rural portions of South Central Pennsylvania are recognized nationally for their [[Amish#Population and distribution|Amish communities]]. [[Wyoming Valley]], including [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] and [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]], has the highest percentage of white residents of any metropolitan area with a population of 500,000 or above in the U.S.; in Wyoming Valley, 96.2% of the population claim to be white with no Hispanic background. The state's Hispanic or Latino American population grew by 82.6% between 2000 and 2010, marking one of the largest increases in a state's Hispanic population. The significant growth of the Hispanic or Latino population is due to migration to the state mainly from [[Puerto Rico]], a U.S. territory, and to a lesser extent immigration from countries such as the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Mexico]], and various [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]n nations and a wave of Hispanic and Latinos leaving [[New York City]] and [[New Jersey]] for more affordable living.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

[[Romani people]] have been present in the state since the mid-1800s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://paheritage.wpengine.com/article/lycoming-county-romani-pennsylvania/|title=Romani in Pennsylvania|website=Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine}}</ref>


The majority of Hispanic or Latino Americans in Pennsylvania are of [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Rican]] descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder—Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|website=census.gov|access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213801/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://content.usatoday.com/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=53490820.story |title=The Daily Journal—Puerto Rico's population exodus is all about jobs |website=USA Today |access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016022940/http://content.usatoday.com/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=53490820.story|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=dead|author-first1=Haya|author-last1=El Nasser}}</ref> Most of the remaining Hispanic or Latino population is made up of [[Mexican American|Mexicans]] and [[Dominican American|Dominicans]], and the majority of Hispanics and Latinos are concentrated in Philadelphia, the [[Lehigh Valley]], and South Central Pennsylvania.<ref name="annest">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/asrh/2004/tables/SC-EST2004-03-42.xls |title=Annual Estimates of the Population |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120132138/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/asrh/2004/tables/SC-EST2004-03-42.xls |archive-date=January 20, 2013 }}</ref> The Hispanic or Latino population is greatest in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]], [[York, Pennsylvania|York]], and around Philadelphia. As of 2010, the vast majority of Hispanics and Latino Americans in Pennsylvania, about 85%, live within a {{convert|150|mi|km|adj=mid}} radius of Philadelphia, and about 20% live in the city itself.

The Asian population swelled by almost 60%, mostly Indian, Vietnamese, and Chinese immigrants, and many Asians moving to [[Philadelphia]] from New York City. The rapid growth of this community has given Pennsylvania one of the largest Asian populations in the nation. The African American population grew by 13%, which was the largest increase in that population among the state's peers of [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], [[Ohio]], [[Illinois]], and [[Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |title=2010 Census Data—2010 Census |publisher=2010.census.gov |access-date=July 7, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706203009/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }}</ref> Pennsylvania has a high in-migration of black and Hispanic people from other nearby states with the eastern and south-central portions of the state seeing the bulk of the increases.<ref name="pasdc.hbg.psu.edu">{{cite web |url=https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/sdc/pasdc_files/researchbriefs/2010_Census_PL94_Release_RB_FINAL.pdf |title=Research Brief : The Commonwealth's Official Source for Population and Economic Statistics |date=March 9, 2011 |website=Pasdc.hbg.psu.edu |access-date=June 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215817/https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/sdc/pasdc_files/researchbriefs/2010_Census_PL94_Release_RB_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/datacenter/puerto-ricans-leave-ny-report-tells-where-they-go |title=Puerto Ricans Leave N.Y. Report Tells Where They Go—Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños |website=cuny.edu |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722032407/http://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/datacenter/puerto-ricans-leave-ny-report-tells-where-they-go |archive-date=July 22, 2015|access-date=June 5, 2015}}</ref>

Among the state's black population, the vast majority in the state are African American. There are also a growing number of black residents of [[West Indian American|West Indian]], [[African immigration to the United States|recent African]], and [[Black Hispanic|Hispanic or Latino]] origins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table |title=American FactFinder—Results |author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS) |website=census.gov|access-date=June 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212204/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table |archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Most Blacks live in the Philadelphia area, Pittsburgh, or South Central Pennsylvania.{{cn|date=September 2024}} Additionally, in 2020, 31,052 identified as being Native American alone, and 158,112 did in combination with one or more other races.<ref name="visualCensus">{{Cite web |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" ; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Racial and ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref name="visualCensus" />
! colspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|73.4|%|2||background:gray}}
|align=right| {{bartable|76.6|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[African Americans|African American (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|10.5|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|align=right| {{bartable|11.8|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn|Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.}}
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|8.1|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|3.9|%|2||background:purple}}
|align=right| {{bartable|4.5|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:gold}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.1|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.02|%|2||background:pink}}
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|align=right| {{bartable|0.4|%|2||background:brown}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.3|%|2||background:brown}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ '''Historical racial and ethnic composition to 2020'''
|-
! Racial and ethnic composition !! 1990<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html 
|url-status=dead |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=May 4, 2014 }}</ref> !! 2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusviewer.com/city/PA |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140111024022/http://censusviewer.com/city/PA|url-status=dead|title=censusviewer.com|date=January 11, 2014 |archive-date=January 11, 2014}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web  |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |title=2010 Census Data |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=May 4, 2014 }}</ref>!! 2020<ref name="2020DP1">{{Cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=040XX00US42 |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2020 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Pennsylvania |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 16, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[White Americans|White]] || 88.5% || 85.4% || 81.9% || 75.0%
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]] || 9.2% || 10.0% || 10.9% || 10.9%
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] || 1.2% || 1.8% || 2.8% || 3.9%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] || 0.1% || 0.1% || 0.2% || 0.2%
|-
| [[Native Hawaiians]] and<br />[[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islanders]] || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] || 1.0% || 1.5% || 2.4% || 3.9%
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]] || – || 1.2% || 1.9% || 6.0%
|}