Editing Pembroke College, Oxford (section)

==People associated with Pembroke==
{{main|List of people associated with Pembroke College, Oxford}}

===Notable people===
<gallery class="center">
File:Richard Wightwick benefactor of Pembroke College, Oxford.jpg|Richard Wightwick, original benefactor of Pembroke College
File:Dr-Johnson.jpg|[[Samuel Johnson]], essayist, moralist, literary critic and lexicographer
File:Henri-Joseph Johns - James Smithson (1816) - Google Art Project cropped.jpg|[[James Smithson]], English chemist, founder of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]
File:SirWilliamBlackstone.jpg|[[William Blackstone|Sir William Blackstone]], English jurist and legal scholar, famed for his [[Commentaries on the Laws of England]]
File:Official portrait of Lord Ricketts crop 2.jpg|[[Peter Ricketts|Lord Ricketts]], former British Ambassador to France and Chairman of [[Joint Intelligence Committee (United Kingdom)|Joint Intelligence Committee]]
File:Lord Heseltine (6969083278).jpg|[[Michael Heseltine|Lord Heseltine]], former British Deputy Prime Minister<br />
File:Abdullah II Cropped.jpg|[[Abdullah II of Jordan|Abdullah II]], [[King of Jordan]], read Middle Eastern Affairs in 1982.
File:Viktor Orbán Tallinn Digital Summit.jpg|[[Viktor Orbán]], Prime Minister of Hungary
File:Митрополит Иларион на встрече с Ставросом Димасом.jpg|[[Hilarion (Alfeyev)|Hilarion Alfayev]], Archbishop of [[Russian Orthodox Church]], took a DPhil in 1995.
File:George Whitefield by Joseph Badger.jpg|[[George Whitfield]], founder of evangelical [[Methodism]], 18th-century American [[First Great Awakening|preacher]]
File:Fulbright.jpg|[[J. William Fulbright]], former U.S. Senator from [[Arkansas]], founder of the [[Fulbright Programme|Fulbright Scholarships]]
File:Walter Isaacson VF 2012 Shankbone 2.JPG|[[Walter Isaacson]], President & CEO of [[Aspen Institute]], biographer
File:Dick Lugar official photo 2010.JPG|[[Richard Lugar]], former Senator for [[Indiana]], and Chairman of [[Senate Committee on Foreign Relations]]
File:Pete Buttigieg by Gage Skidmore.jpg|[[Pete Buttigieg]], former U.S. Secretary of Transportation
File:Paul Gérin-Lajoie01.JPG|[[Paul Gérin-Lajoie]], Canadian lawyer and politician
</gallery>

[[File:Dr Johnson's desk.jpg|thumb|right|[[Samuel Johnson|Dr Johnson]]'s desk in Broadgates]]
[[Samuel Johnson]] was one of the college's more famous alumni, though he did not complete his degree (he was later awarded an honorary degree by the University); lack of funds forced him to leave Oxford after about a year and a half. Two of his desks and various other possessions are displayed around the college.  He spoke fondly of Pembroke to his death, recalling especially the college's many poets, telling friends that 'we were a nest of singing birds.'<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42960/42960-h/42960-h.htm|title=Rowlandson's Oxford, by A. Hamilton Gibbs—A Project Gutenberg eBook|website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> [[James Smithson]], whose bequest founded the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in Washington, D.C. (despite him never having visited the United States) was an undergraduate at Pembroke, under the name "James Lewis Macie"—he changed his name to that of his natural father after the death of his mother. In addition, Senator [[J. William Fulbright]], who established the [[Fulbright Program]], was a [[Rhodes Scholar]] at Pembroke in the 1920s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/senators/FeaturedBios/Featured_Bio_Fulbright.htm|title=U.S. Senate: J. William Fulbright: A Featured Biography|website=www.senate.gov}}</ref>

In more recent years, [[Pete Buttigieg]], US presidential candidate and former U.S. Secretary of Transportation completed a graduate degree at Pembroke.

====Diplomacy====
[[Thomas Randolph (diplomat)|Thomas Randolph]], principal of Pembroke's precursor mediaeval hall, Broadgates, served as ambassador for [[Elizabeth I]] to Scotland from 1559, where he gained the friendship of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], until he was accused of supporting the rebellion of [[James Francis Edward Stuart|James Stuart]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Thomas_Randolph_(poet).aspx |title=Thomas Randolph (poet) Facts, information, pictures &#124; Encyclopedia.com articles about Thomas Randolph (poet) |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia.com |access-date=27 April 2013}}</ref> In 1568 he was despatched to Moscow to secure trading rights from [[Ivan IV]], also known as ''Ivan the Terrible'', gaining valuable access to Russia for English merchants of the [[Muscovy Company]].<ref>Mund Stéphane. The discovery of Muscovite Russia in Tudor England. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 86, fasc. 2, 2008. p. 364.</ref>

More recently, [[John Kerr, Baron Kerr of Kinlochard|John, Baron Kerr of Kinlochard]], served as HM Ambassador to the United States from 1995 to 1997, before being appointed Head of the [[British Foreign and Commonwealth Office]].  [[Philip Lader]] served as US Ambassador to the UK from 1997 to 2001.  Thus in 1997, both the US Ambassador in London and the UK Ambassador in Washington were former Pembroke students. [[Peter Ricketts|Peter, Baron Ricketts]] was Head of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 2006 until 2010, before serving as British Ambassador to France for six years until his retirement in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/peter-ricketts--2|title=Sir Peter Ricketts GCMG GCVO|website=GOV.UK}}</ref>

Additionally, two former chairmen of the [[Senate Foreign Relations Committee]] Senator [[Richard Lugar|Richard G. Lugar]], (Republican), and Senator [[J. William Fulbright]] (Democrat), were students of Pembroke, between them chairing the [[Senate Foreign Relations Committee]] for a 27-year period.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B01IuzJJ3MEC&q=richard+lugar+pembroke%2F&pg=PA199 |title=The next American century: essays in honor of Richard G. Lugar – Google Books |isbn=9780742527881 |access-date=27 April 2013|last1=Lugar |first1=Richard |year=2003 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield }}</ref>

From Europe, the Prime Minister of Hungary, [[Viktor Orbán]] and Polish Foreign Minister [[Radek Sikorski]] MEP studied at Pembroke, as too did the [[Sultan of Oman|Sultan]] [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said|Haitham bin Tariq of Oman]] and [[King Abdullah II of Jordan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1611351/middle-east|title=Haitham bin Tariq appointed new ruler of Oman|website=Arab News|date=11 January 2020}}</ref>

===Fellows===
{{Further|List of Honorary Fellows of Pembroke College, Oxford}}
[[File:J. R. R. Tolkien, ca. 1925.jpg|thumb|upright|[[J. R. R. Tolkien]], academic and author of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.]]
[[J. R. R. Tolkien]] was a [[Fellow]] of Pembroke from 1925 to 1945, and wrote ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and the first two volumes of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' during his time there. Since 2013 the college has held an [[The J.R.R. Tolkien Lecture on Fantasy Literature|annual lecture on fantasy literature]] in his honour.<ref>[http://www.pmb.ox.ac.uk/content/tolkien-lecture-series Tolkien Lecture Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413125610/http://www.pmb.ox.ac.uk/content/tolkien-lecture-series |date=13 April 2019 }}, ''Pembroke College, Oxford.'' Retrieved 20 June 2017.</ref> [[R. G. Collingwood|Robin G. Collingwood]], historian, philosopher, and author of ''The Idea of History'', was a Fellow of the College between the Great War and the Second World War.

[[Andy Orchard]], a British academic in [[Old English]], [[Old Norse|Norse]] and [[Celtic literature]]. He is [[Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon]] at the [[University of Oxford]] and a [[Fellow#Oxford.2C Cambridge and Dublin|fellow]] of Pembroke College, Oxford. He was previously [[Provost (education)|Provost]] of [[Trinity College, Toronto|Trinity College]], [[University of Toronto|Toronto]], from 2007 to 2013. In 2021, claims of sexual harassment and assault by Orchard were publicized, which were alleged at universities where he has worked, including the University of Cambridge, the University of Toronto, and the University of Oxford.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last1=Bowden|first1=Olivia|last2=Oved|first2=Marco Chown|date=2021-10-21|title=U of T received formal complaints against ex-Trinity College provost accused of sexual harassment, but he|language=en-CA|work=The Toronto Star|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2021/10/21/university-of-toronto-received-formal-complaints-against-ex-trinity-college-provost-accused-of-sexual-harassment-but-he-wasnt-punished.html|access-date=2021-10-24|issn=0319-0781}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|first=Deborah |last=Davies |author2=Al Jazeera Investigative Unit |title=Oxford professors abused position with sexist and drunken conduct|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/19/oxford-professors-abused-position-with-sexist-and-drunken-conduct|access-date=2021-10-24|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>

=== Masters ===
{{Main list|List of people associated with Pembroke College, Oxford#Masters}}

Among the college's more recent Masters were Sir [[Geoffrey Arthur]], former chairman of the [[Joint Intelligence Committee (United Kingdom)|Joint Intelligence Committee]] and Sir [[Roger Bannister]], the first man to run the mile in under four minutes. [[Ernest Ryder|Sir Ernest Ryder]], a former Lord Justice of Appeal, succeeded [[Dame Lynne Brindley]] as Master of Pembroke College on 1 July 2020.<ref name="auto"/>