Editing Pedestrian crossing (section)

===Europe===
In Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany and other European countries,{{Which|date=December 2021}} 90% of pedestrian fatalities occur outside of pedestrian crossings. The highest rate is in the UK, which has fewer crossings than neighbouring European countries.<ref name="theaa.com">{{Cite web|title=Public Affairs : AA pedestrian crossings survey in Europe - the AA|url=http://www.theaa.com/public_affairs/news/aa-pedestrian-crossings-in-europe-survey.html}}</ref>

====Continental Europe====
[[File:20241120 094517 Zebrastreifen 01.jpg|thumb|The typical Continental pedestrian crossing sign]]
[[File:Panneaux_suisses_3.02_2.41.1.jpg|alt=A roundabout with a pedestrian crossing across one arm, except the crossing stripes are yellow.|thumb|Swiss yellow pedestrian crossings]]
[[File:Ampelmann gruen.jpg|thumb|A Berlin {{Lang|de|Ampelmännchen}} signal, showing green]]
Nearly every country of [[Continental Europe]] is party to (though has not necessarily ratified) the [[Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals|Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals (1968)]], which says of pedestrian crossings: 'to mark pedestrian crossings, relatively broad stripes, parallel to the axis of the carriageway, should preferably be used'.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1978/06/19780606%2000-35%20AM/CTC-xi-b-20-searchable.pdf |title=Convention on Road Signs and Signals |date=8 November 1968 |series=United Nations Treaty Series |volume=1091 |location=Vienna |page=27 |language=en, fr, zh, ru, es |chapter=Article 29 |via=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> This means that pedestrian crossing styles are quite uniform across the Continent. However, while the stripes are normally white, in Switzerland they are yellow.<ref>{{Citation |last=Mazzone |first=Francesco |title=International cooperation to improve the safety of European pedestrian crossings |date=25 November 2008 |url=https://www.polisnetwork.eu/uploads/Modules/PublicDocuments/pedestrian_crossings_intro.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329055817/https://www.polisnetwork.eu/uploads/Modules/PublicDocuments/pedestrian_crossings_intro.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2018-03-29}}</ref>

Furthermore, the [[Vienna Convention on Road Traffic|Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (1968)]] states that pedestrians should use pedestrian crossings when one is nearby (§6.c) and prohibits the overtaking of other vehicles approaching crossings, unless the driver would be able to stop for a pedestrian.<ref name="unece.org convention road traffic2">{{Citation |title=Convention on Road Traffic |url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/conventn/Conv_road_traffic_EN.pdf |via=unece.org}}</ref> The 1971 European supplement to that Convention re-iterates the former and outlaws the standing or parking of vehicles around pedestrian crossings. It also specifies signs and markings: the  "pedestrian crossing sign" is on a blue or black ground, with a white or yellow triangle where the symbol is displayed in black or dark blue, and that the minimum width recommended for pedestrian crossings is 2.5 m (or 8-foot) on roads on which the speed limit is lower than 60 km/h (or 37 mph), and 4 m (or 13-foot) on roads with a higher or no speed limit.<ref name="ReferenceA2">{{Citation |title=Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968; European Agreement Supplementing the Convention; and Protocol on Road Markings, Additional to the European Agreement |date=2006 |url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/conventn/Conv_road_signs_2006v_EN.pdf |series=ECE/TRANS/196 |publisher=United Nations Publication}}</ref>

In France, it is not mandatory that crosswalks exist. However, if there is one less than 50 meters (55 yards) away, pedestrians are obliged to use it.<ref>Code de la route, article R412-37</ref>

In the east of Germany, including [[Berlin]], the unique ''[[Ampelmännchen]]'' design for pedestrian lights are widely used. These signals originated in the former East Germany and have become an icon of the city and of [[ostalgie]] – nostalgia for East German life. A study has shown they are more effective than Western-style icons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-20 |title=Go ahead: Bring back East Germany's little traffic light man, say |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/go-ahead-bring-back-east-germany-s-little-traffic-light-man-say-researchers-8776994.html |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref>

====United Kingdom====
{{Main|Pedestrian crossings in the United Kingdom}}
[[File:A blustery morning in Llandudno - geograph.org.uk - 4679013.jpg|thumb|A zebra crossing on the sea front of [[Llandudno]], with the traditional – and mandatory – 'belisha' beacons]]
[[File:"PUFFIN" crossing, Coleraine (1) - geograph.org.uk - 2759755.jpg|thumb|Traditional 'farside' signals are frequently replaced with 'nearside' signal boxes, like this one in [[Coleraine]].]]
The [[United Kingdom]]'s pedestrian crossings are quite distinct from the vast majority of Europe, and they use animal names to distinguish different types of crossing. These conventions have been adapted in some ex-Empire countries, such as [[Ireland]], [[Hong Kong]] and [[Malta]]. 'Look right' and 'look left' markings are sometimes found in tourist areas, to remind pedestrians of the driving direction in the UK.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1097355613 |title=Traffic signs manual. Chapter 5, Road markings |date=2019 |others=Great Britain. Department for Transport, Northern Ireland. Department for Infrastructure, Scotland. Scottish Government, Wales. Welsh Government |isbn=978-0-11-553208-5 |edition=2003 |location=London |oclc=1097355613}}</ref>

Zebra crossings are similar to their Continental counterparts, with white stripe markings, they must have orange flashing globes, called '[[Belisha beacon|belisha beacons]]'. They also normally have zig-zag markings to prevent overtaking and stopping of vehicles.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1134444798 |title=Traffic signs manual. Chapter 6, Traffic control |date=2019 |others=Department for Transport, Northern Ireland. Department for Infrastructure, Scotland. Scottish Government, Wales. Welsh Government |isbn=978-0-11-553744-8 |location=London |oclc=1134444798}}</ref>{{Rp|page=125}}

There are a number of different types of signal-controlled crossing. The traditional [[pelican crossing]] is no longer permitted in the UK, because it has been replaced with more intelligent [[Puffin crossing|puffin crossings]] – which have crossing sensors and low-level pedestrian signals – and pedex crossings, which features pedestrian countdown timers, however in Ireland only pelican crossings are installed. Puffin crossings are rare.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=|pages=62-3; 125}} Cyclists are sometimes permitted to use pedestrian crossings, such as [[Toucan crossing|toucan crossings]] (so named because TWO user types CAN cross) and sparrow crossings.<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jargon buster |url=https://activetravel.tfgm.com/terminology-explained/ |access-date=2021-12-28 |website=TfGM Active Travel |language=en-GB}}</ref>