Editing Ottoman Empire (section)

===== Treaty of Sèvres and Turkish War of Independence =====
[[File:Sultanvahideddin.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mehmed VI]], the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, leaving the country after the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate, 17 November 1922]]

Defeated in World War I, the Ottoman Empire signed the [[Armistice of Mudros]] on 30 October 1918. [[Occupation of Istanbul|Istanbul was occupied]] by combined British, French, Italian, and Greek forces. In May 1919, Greece also [[Occupation of Smyrna|took control of the area around Smyrna]] (now İzmir).

The [[partition of the Ottoman Empire]] was finalized under the terms of the 1920 [[Treaty of Sèvres]]. This treaty, as designed in the [[Conference of London (1920)|Conference of London]], allowed the Sultan to retain his position and title. Anatolia's status was problematic given the occupied forces.

A nationalist opposition arose in the [[Turkish national movement]]. It won the [[Turkish War of Independence]] (1919–1923) under the leadership of [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal]] (later given the surname "Atatürk"). The sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922, and the last sultan, [[Mehmed VI]] (reigned 1918–1922), left the country on 17 November 1922. The [[Turkey|Republic of Turkey]] was [[History of Turkey#Republic of Turkey|established]] in its place on 29 October 1923, in the new capital city of [[Ankara]]. The [[Ottoman Caliphate|caliphate]] was abolished on 3 March 1924.<ref name="Ozoglu">{{Cite book |last=Hakan Özoğlu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cw5V1c1ej_cC&pg=PA8 |title=From Caliphate to Secular State: Power Struggle in the Early Turkish Republic |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-313-37957-4 |page=8 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114151656/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cw5V1c1ej_cC&pg=PA8 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Howard |first=Douglas A. |title=A History of the Ottoman Empire |date=2016b |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-10747-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=e57eDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA318 318]}}</ref>